Nutrition and Metabolism Flashcards
Give an example of a monosaccharide
Glucose, fructose, galactose
Give an example of a disaccharide
Sucrose, lactose, maltose
Give an example of a polysaccharide
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
What is energy used for?
Converted into energy, form structural components of other molecules and provides energy stores
What do we need fibre for?
It absorbs water into the intestines and softens the stool and speeds up transit time
What are prostaglandins?
Lipid compounds that have hormone like effects
How are lipids transported?
In the blood as lipoproteins
The density of a lipoprotein refers to the protein/fat ratio. High density lipoproteins…
Have more protein and less fat
What do chylomicrons do?
Transport triglycerides and cholesterol from small intestine to the liver and adipocytes via lymphatic vessels
What do LDL’s do?
Transport cholesterol to tissues,
What do HDL’s do?
Remove cholesterol and return it to the liver for elimination
What happens during anabolism?
Small molecules are joined together to form complex structures using energy
What happens during catabolism?
Large molecules are broken down to smaller ones and energy is released
What is metabolic rate?
Rate of energy released from cells
What is basal metabolic rate?
Energy release required to support vital organs at rest
