The Endocrine System

Question 1

Give 2 examples of steroid hormones

Answer 1

Oestrogen and testosterone

Question 2

Give 2 examples of peptide hormones

Answer 2

Oxytocin and insulin

Question 3

Give 2 examples of Amine hormones

Answer 3

Adrenaline and thyroxine

Question 4

Properties of endocrine glands

Answer 4

Synthesise/store chemical messengers, very rich blood supply due to no ducts and hormones are secreted into the blood.

Question 5

What does parathyroid hormone do?

Answer 5

Increases plasma Ca2+

Question 6

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 6

Decreases a raised plasma Ca2+

Question 7

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 7

Increases plasma Na+

Question 8

What does ADH do?

Answer 8

Increases water reabsorption at the kidneys

Question 9

What does ANP do?

Answer 9

Increases Na+ loss at the kidneys

Question 10

Name some endocrine glands

Answer 10

Pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes

Question 11

How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis? Positive or negative feedback?

Answer 11

Negative feedback

Question 12

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 12

ADH and oxytocin

Question 13

The anterior pituitary gland secretes 6 hormones. What are they?

Answer 13

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), PRL (Prolactin), ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), LH (luteinising hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and GH (growth hormone).

Question 14

What does TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) do?

Answer 14

Stimulates the breakdown of thyroglobulin into T3 and T4 (thyroxine)

Question 15

What are the functional outcomes of thyroid hormones?

Answer 15

Increased metabolic rate, HR, respiratory rate to accommodate the increase in metabolic demand. Temperature increase

Question 16

What are the defects of thyroid hormones?

Answer 16

Hypothyroidism – lethargy, developmental delay and goitre. Hyperthyroidism – BP/HR increases and goitre

Question 17

Where is calcitonin produced?

Answer 17

The C cells in the thyroid gland

Question 18

What does calcitonin do and how does it work?

Answer 18

Lowers increased levels of calcium and phosphate levels in the blood by reducing the amount released from the bones and increasing the amount excreted by the kidney.

Question 19

Which receptors do peptide hormones act on?

Answer 19

Membrane receptors

Question 20

Which receptors do steroid hormones act on?

Answer 20

Cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors

Question 21

cAMP (cyclic AMP) acts as a 2nd messenger to:

Answer 21

Open ion channels and activate enzymes.

Question 22

Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids are examples of what kind of hormones?

Answer 22

Steroid hormones

Question 23

Where is aldosterone produced?

Answer 23

Adrenal cortex

Question 24

What is the role of aldosterone?

Answer 24

Causes reabsorption of Na+ from the distal convoluted tubule and MCD in the kidney

Question 25

25- What is secreted by the pancreas?

Answer 25

Insulin (by beta cells) and glucagon (by alpha cells)