Nervous System 1 Flashcards
What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
Cranial and spinal nerves
What are the two functional classes of the nervous system?
Somatic and Autonomic
What are the functional classes of the somatic nervous system?
Motor and sensory
The autonomic nervous system is split into 2 systems. What are they?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is a neurone?
A nerve cell. A basic functional unit of the nervous system.
What is the role of a neurone?
Relay information between different regions of the CNS, between the CNS & PNS and between the CNS and other body systems.
What is the basic structure of a neurone?
Dendrite, body and axon
What is a nerve?
A bundle of axons carrying information from the CNS to the rest of the body or from the rest of the body to the CNS.
Where to nerves enter and leave the CNS?
Brain and the spinal cord
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
There are 12 pairs
Where do the cranial nerves arise from?
The brain
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
There are 31 pairs
Where do the spinal nerves arise from?
The spine
What parts of the brain make up the diencephalon?
The thalamus and hypothalamus
What parts make up the brain stem?
Midbrain, pons and medulla
The cerebellum lies:
Posterior to the brainstem
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Maintenance of balance, posture and muscle tone and coordinates movement.
Give examples of vital centres controlled by the brain stem
Cardiovascular and respiratory centres
What is the role of the thalamus?
Acts as a relay station for sensory information
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
Hormone secretion, integrating centre for ANS, thermoregulation, hunger and satiety centres, thirst centre.
The cerebrum is made up of 2 hemispheres called:
Sulci and Gyri
Name the four lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
What cortex does the frontal lobe contain?
Motor context
What does the frontal lobe control?
Intellect, planning, mood, social judgement etc.
What cortex does the parietal lobe have?
Somatosensory cortex
What does the parietal lobe control?
General sensation and taste
What cortex does the temporal lobe contain?
Auditory cortex.
What cortex does the occipital lobe contain?
Visual cortex
What forms of protection are there for the brain?
The skull and the meninges
What are the 3 membranes of the meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.
What is the space between the pia mater and arachnoid mater called?
The subarachnoid space
What is the space between the pia mater and arachnoid mater called?
The subarachnoid space
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What are ventricles in the brain and what do they do?
Ventricles are interconnecting chambers that produce cerebrospinal fluid.
What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
CSF protects brain and spinal cord from trauma.
CSF supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue.
CSF removes waste products from cerebral metabolism.
How does blood supply get to the brain?
Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery
Name the cranial nerves
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal.
Name the spinal nerves and how many of each there are.
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal.
