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Anatomy and Physiology > Nervous System 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

What are the two functional classes of the nervous system?

A

Somatic and Autonomic

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4
Q

What are the functional classes of the somatic nervous system?

A

Motor and sensory

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5
Q

The autonomic nervous system is split into 2 systems. What are they?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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6
Q

What is a neurone?

A

A nerve cell. A basic functional unit of the nervous system.

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7
Q

What is the role of a neurone?

A

Relay information between different regions of the CNS, between the CNS & PNS and between the CNS and other body systems.

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8
Q

What is the basic structure of a neurone?

A

Dendrite, body and axon

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9
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of axons carrying information from the CNS to the rest of the body or from the rest of the body to the CNS.

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10
Q

Where to nerves enter and leave the CNS?

A

Brain and the spinal cord

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11
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

There are 12 pairs

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12
Q

Where do the cranial nerves arise from?

A

The brain

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13
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

There are 31 pairs

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14
Q

Where do the spinal nerves arise from?

A

The spine

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15
Q

What parts of the brain make up the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and hypothalamus

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16
Q

What parts make up the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla

17
Q

The cerebellum lies:

A

Posterior to the brainstem

18
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

Maintenance of balance, posture and muscle tone and coordinates movement.

19
Q

Give examples of vital centres controlled by the brain stem

A

Cardiovascular and respiratory centres

20
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A

Acts as a relay station for sensory information

21
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

Hormone secretion, integrating centre for ANS, thermoregulation, hunger and satiety centres, thirst centre.

22
Q

The cerebrum is made up of 2 hemispheres called:

A

Sulci and Gyri

23
Q

Name the four lobes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

24
Q

What cortex does the frontal lobe contain?

A

Motor context

25
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

Intellect, planning, mood, social judgement etc.

26
Q

What cortex does the parietal lobe have?

A

Somatosensory cortex

27
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

General sensation and taste

28
Q

What cortex does the temporal lobe contain?

A

Auditory cortex.

29
Q

What cortex does the occipital lobe contain?

A

Visual cortex

30
Q

What forms of protection are there for the brain?

A

The skull and the meninges

31
Q

What are the 3 membranes of the meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.

32
Q

What is the space between the pia mater and arachnoid mater called?

A

The subarachnoid space

33
Q

What is the space between the pia mater and arachnoid mater called?
The subarachnoid space

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

34
Q

What are ventricles in the brain and what do they do?

A

Ventricles are interconnecting chambers that produce cerebrospinal fluid.

35
Q

What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

CSF protects brain and spinal cord from trauma.
CSF supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue.
CSF removes waste products from cerebral metabolism.

36
Q

How does blood supply get to the brain?

A

Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery

37
Q

Name the cranial nerves

A

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal.

38
Q

Name the spinal nerves and how many of each there are.

A

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal.

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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