Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DMST 254 ABD 1 > The prostate > Flashcards

The prostate Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the prostate in comparison to the bladder?

A

Inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The prostate surrounds what?

A

The bladder neck and proximal urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the location of the prostate in relation to the symphysis

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the location of the prostate in comparison to the rectum?

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the location of the prostate in relation to the Levator ani muscles?

A

Posterolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the shape of the prostate? What way does the apex and the base face?

A
  1. Ovoid (inverted pyramid)
  2. Apex (caudal)
  3. Base (cephalic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the size of the prostate?

A

Length: 3 - 3.5 cm
width: 4 cm
AP: 2- 2.5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the weight of the prostate (volume)? 3

A
  1. 20 grams (20cc) up to 50 years
  2. <40 grams (40cc) over 50 years
  3. 1cc = 1g
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the physiology of the prostate?

A

Fibromuscular and glandular organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the prostate produce and secrete?2

A
  1. Alkaline fluid
  2. Prostate specific antigen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the alkaline fluid of the prostate do? 3

A
  1. consists of 1/3 of semen volume
  2. Aids in sperm motility and activating sperm
  3. Neutralizes acidity of vagina, uterus, and tubes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) increases with what?

A

Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four zones of the prostate?

A
  1. Peripheral
  2. Transition
  3. Central
  4. Periurethral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are the four zones of the prostate are positioned?

A

Positioned in relationship to the urethra and ejaculatory duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the four zones of the prostate useful for?

A

Localization of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the largest prostate zone?

A

Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most prostate cancers are located in which prostate zone? And how frequent is it?

A

Peripheral and it has a 70% chance of being here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the peripheral zone surround?

A

Distal urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The Surgical capsule of the peripheral zone separates it from what?

A

Transitional zone and the central zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What zone of the prostate is the prostate base?

A

The central zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which zone of the prostate does the ejaculatory duct travel through?

A

The central zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What zone is the most resistant to disease?

A

The central zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which zone of the prostate terminates near verumontanum?

A

The central zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is there BPH in the peripheral zone?

A

Nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Label the pictures
26
What is the transition zone?
2 small lobes on each side of the proximal urethra
27
What zone of the prostate is the origin of BPH
Transition zone
28
Which zone of the prostate enters at the proximal urethra at level of verumontanum
Transition zone
29
How much of the periurethral glandular area takes up in terms of gland volume?
1%
30
What does the periurethral glandular area do?
Internal prostatic sphincter
31
Where is the periurethral glandular area embedded?
In smooth muscle of proximal urethra
32
What is the fibromuscular stroma? What does it consist of?
1. Non-glandular area, anterior surface of prostate 2. Smooth muscle and connective tissue
33
How much of the prostate does the fibromuscular stroma take up?
1/3
34
Sonographically, it is difficult to do what for the prostate?
Identify separate zone
35
What is the location of the seminal vesicles?2 (in relation to the bladder and prostate)
1. Posterior to bladder 2. Superior to prostate
36
What is the dimensions of the seminal vesicles?
1. Length: 3-4 cm 2. Thickness: 1-3 cm
37
What is the shape of the seminal vesicles?2
1. Paired 2. Ovoid
38
What forms the ejaculatory ducts?
Vas deferens and the seminal vesicles
39
The ejaculatory duct empties into what?
Urethra
40
Why would we ultrasound the prostate? 6
1. Positive DRE 2. Increased PSA 3. Urinary frequency/ nocturia/ decreased urine stream 4. Male infertility 5. Biopsy guidance 6. Blood, pus in urine and/ or semen
41
In terms of the prostate, what do we assess for with transabdominal/ transvesicular? What would we need to do from the tech side? 3
1. Size and volume only 2. We would use a curvilinear transducer 3. Ensure patients would need full bladder
42
When scanning the transabdominal area how would the prostate appear? 4 (shape, echoes, echo texture, central interface)
1. Ovoid structure 2. Low to moderate level echoes 3. Homogenous 4. Echogenic interface centrally
43
When imaging the seminal vesicles how would they look? 3
1. Hypiechoic 2. Symmetrical 3. Medium/ low level echoes
44
Wat is TRUS?
Transrectal transducers: side firing or end-firing
45
Which TRUS is most common ?
End firing
46
What does end firing TRUS do? 2
1. Multiplanar imaging 2. Can be connected to a biopsy device
47
What is the frequency of the TRUS?
7-10 MHz or higher
48
The TRUS is usually covered with what?
Condom (inquire about latex allergies, the probe is also sterilized with a high level disinfectant)
49
What does the patient need to do for a TRUS?4
1. Patient needs to have a empty bladder 2. LLD position, legs bent to chest 3. DRE performed prior to TRUS 4. Systematic approach
50
What is the systematic approach for TRUS? 3
1. Transverse (axial) and Sagittal (longitudinal) views 2. From apex to base 3. Measurements as needed
51
What is the TRUS scan orientation? (Sag and trans orientation) 3
1. Rectum at bottom of image 2. Sag: anterior abdominal wall at the top and patient's head on the left side of the monitor 3. Trans: anterior abdominal wall at top of the image and patient's right displayed on the left side of the monitor
52
From left to right what is the images?
1. Trans base 2. Trans mid gland 3. Trans Apex
53
What is the sonographic appearance of the peripheral zone?
Used as the echogenicity standard
54
What is the sonographic appearance of the surgical capsule? 2
1. Separates the peripheral zone from the central zone 2. Hypoechoic line
55
What is the sonographic appearance of the central zone?
Hyperechoic or isoechoic to peripheral zone
56
What is the sonographic appearance of the transition zone? 2
1. Isoechoic to the peripheral zone 2. Hypoechoic with BPH
57
What is the sonographic appearance of the corpora amylacea? 2
1. Calcified deposits that may occur within the prostate 2. Will appear as echogenic foci
58
What is the sonographic appearance of the periurethral glands? What demographic would this be more prominent in? 3
1. Hypoechoic 2. Blend with the urethra 3. More prominent in young men
59
What is the sonographic appearance of the anterior fibromuscular stroma?
Hypoechoic compared to the peripheral zone
60
What is PSA?
Enzyme made almost exclusively in the prostate
61
Where is PSA secreted?
Through ducts in prostate
62
When would PSA be elevated? 3
1. BPH 2. Infection 3. CA *not specific to cause*
63
What is the normal range of PSA?
<4ng/ml
64
What is the PSA density test? and why do we do it? 2
1. When we take the serum PSA level/ prostate volume 2. Cancerous tissue produces more PSA
65
When would we need to do a biopsy for a PSA density test?
If density is >0.12. *PSA level above the expected for the gland volume*
66
Where is Acid Phosphatase found?
Prostate and semen
67
Why would we do a acid phosphatase test?
Increased in carcinoma that spreads outside the capsule
68
Where is the alkaline phosphatase produced? What increases it? 2
1. Produced in bone 2. Increased in bone metastases
69
What is vascular supply for the prostate? 2
1. Prostaticovesical arteries 2. Branches of the internal iliac arteries
70
What is Benign ductal ectasia?
1 to 2 mm tubular structures in the Peripheral zone
71
What can be mistaken for prostate cancer?
Benign ductal ectasia
72
What is the sonographic appearance of the benign ductal ectasia?
Hypoechoic
73
What are calcifications in the prostate? And why are they significant? 2
1. Incidental findings 2. Benign calcifications coarser in appearance than malignant

DMST 254 ABD 1 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions