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DMST 254 ABD 1 > The Peritoneum Retroperitoneum > Flashcards

The Peritoneum Retroperitoneum Flashcards

1
Q

The thorax is separate from the abdominopelvic cavity by what?

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

Within the abdominopelvic cavity the peritoneal cavity is separated from the retroperitoneal cavity by what?

A

Peritoneal membrane

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3
Q

What is the peritoneal membrane?

A

Thin layer that lines the abdominal cavity and produces serous fluid

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4
Q

What does the peritoneal membrane contain? 4

A
  1. Fat
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Lymphatics
  4. Nerves
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5
Q

What does the peritoneal membrane create? 2

A

1. Potential space/ cavity
2. Ligaments and folds (which anchor organs)

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6
Q

What does the peritoneal membrane allow?

A

Free movement between organs and decreases friction

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7
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneal cavity? 2

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Visceral
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8
Q

During fetal development structures move into the abdominal cavity form the posterior abdominal wall. Some organs become enclosed within folds of the peritoneum? What are these organs?

A

Intraperitoneal organs

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9
Q

During fetal development structures move into the abdominal cavity form the posterior abdominal wall. Some do not migrate into the cavity so only their surfaces are covered with peritoneum? What are these organs?

A

Retroperitoneal

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10
Q

What are four types of peritoneal folds?

A
  1. Mesentery
  2. Mesocolon
  3. Greater omentum
  4. Lesser omentum
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11
Q

What is the mesentary?

A

Peritoneal folds connecting small bowel to the posterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

What is the mesentary shaped like?

A

Large and fan shaped

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13
Q

What is the mesocolon?

A

Peritoneum attached to the colon

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14
Q

What does the mesocolon connect?

A

Transverse colon and sigmoid to the posterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

What does the mesocolon connect?

A

Transverse colon and sigmoid to the posterior abdominal wall

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15
Q

What is the lesser omentum? and what does it connect?

A
  1. Double layer of mesentery
  2. Connects lesser curve of stomach and 1st part of duodenum to the visceral surface of the liver
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16
Q

What is the greater omentum? What does it connect?

A

Apron like fold that connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon

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17
Q

What are the ligaments of the peritoneum?

A

Double folds of peritoneum

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18
Q

The names of the ligaments of the peritoneum relates to what?

A

Organs they are attached to

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19
Q

What three things does the ligaments of the peritoneum convey? 3

A
  1. Blood
  2. Lymphatics
  3. Nerves
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20
Q

Where does the falciform ligament travel? What does it conduct?

A

From umbilicus to liver and conducts the ligamentum teres.

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21
Q

How does the Falciform ligament travel? What does the falciform ligament splits into?

A

Anterior, superior liver and splits into
1. Triangular ligaments
2. Coronary ligaments

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22
Q

What part are the coronary ligaments attached to? 2

A
  1. Parietal peritoneum
  2. Posterior liver
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23
Q

What is the ligamentum teres? Where does it run and join?

A
  1. Remnant of the fetal umbilical vein
  2. Runs in the falciform ligament and joins the LPV at the porta hepatis
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24
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum? what does it attach to?

A
  1. Remnant of the fetal ductus venosum
  2. Attaches to the LPV
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25
Q

What does the triangular ligaments?

A

Corners of the bare area

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26
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal ligaments conduct? 3

A

MPV, CD and HA

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27
Q

What are peritoneal spaces?

A
  1. Potential spaces which exist between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum
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28
Q

What can collect in the peritoneal sac space? 4

A
  1. Pathology
  2. Fluid
  3. Blood
  4. Pus
29
Q

What is included in the right subhepatic space?

A

Morisons pouch

30
Q

Where is the right subhepatic space located? 2

A
  1. Posterior to the right lobe of the liver
  2. Anterior to the upper pole of the right kidney
31
Q

What is the most dependent portion of the subhepatic space?

A

Morisons pouch

32
Q

Where is the left subhepatic space located? And what does it include?

A

Anterior and posterior recesses, includes lesser sac

33
Q

What is the subphrenic space defined by?

A

Liver and diaphragm

34
Q

What divides the subphrenic space into left and right ligaments?

A

falciform ligaments

35
Q

What is another name for the lesser sac?

A

Omental bursa

36
Q

What does the lesser sac communicate with? 3

A
  1. Epiploic
  2. Foramen/ foramen of winslow
  3. Omental foramen/ neck
37
Q

Where is the IVC and the caudate lie in conjunction to the Lesser sac?

A

The IVC lies posterior to the opening and the caudate lies superior

38
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie in relation to the Stomach and the pancreas?

A

The Stomach lies anterior to the lesser sac and the pancreas lies posterior

39
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie in relation to the Stomach and the pancreas?

A

The Stomach lies anterior to the lesser sac and the pancreas lies posterior

40
Q

How much of the peritoneal cavity does the greater sac account for?

A

Most of the space in the peritoneal cavity

41
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie in relation to the greater sac?

A

Anterior superiorly and posterior inferiorly

42
Q

The transverse mesocolon divides the greater sac into what?

A

Supramesocolic and inframesocolic comportments

43
Q

The inframesocolic compartment is divided into left and right by what?

A

The root of the mesentery

44
Q

The right and left compartments of the inframesocolic are divided into medial and lateral areas by what? 2

A
  1. The ascending colon (right)
  2. The descending colon (left)
45
Q

How many paracolic gutters do we have?

A

Two
1. Right paracolic
2. Left paracolic

46
Q

What is the right paracolic gutter?

A

Space between the ascending colon and right lateral abdominal wall

47
Q

What is the left paracolic gutter?

A

Space between the descending colon and left lateral abdominal wall

48
Q

Sonographically what does the parietal peritoneum appear? 2

A
  1. Thin smooth echogenic line (peritoneal line)
  2. Deep layer of anterior abdominal wall
49
Q

Sonographically what does the small bowel mesentery look like? 3

A
  1. Seen with ascites
  2. Free floating smooth leaves
  3. Directed towards the center of the abdomen
50
Q

What does this image demonstrate in terms of the peritoneium?

A

The peritoneal line

51
Q

What does this image demonstrate?

A

Morrisons pouch/ ascites

52
Q

What does this image demonstrate?

A

Gallbladder/ ascites

53
Q

What does this image demonstrate?

A

Ascites/ bowel

54
Q

Where is the retroperitoneum located in relation to the peritoneum?

A

Posterior

55
Q

Where is the retroperitoneum located in relation to the transversalis fascia

A

Anterior

56
Q

What is the superior boundary and inferior boundary of the retroperitoneum?

A

Superior is the diaphragm and inferior is the pelvic brim

57
Q

What are the three compartments of the retroperitoneum?

A
  1. Anterior pararenal
  2. Perirenal
  3. Posterior pararenal
58
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the Anterior pararenal space?

A

Peritoneum

59
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the Anterior pararenal space?

A

Gerota’s fascia

60
Q

What are the structures in the anterior pararenal space? 3

A
  1. Ascending/descending colon
  2. Duodenum
  3. Pancreas
61
Q

What is communication like for the anterior pararenal space? 2

A
  1. Communicates across midline
  2. Communicates with posterior pararenal space and pelvis
62
Q

What encloses the perirenal space?

A

Renal fascia

63
Q

What are the structures in the perirenal space? 4

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Adrenals
  3. Ureters
  4. Great vessels
64
Q

What is communications like for the perirenal space? 2

A
  1. Communications with pelvic space
  2. No communication across midline
65
Q

What is posterior to the posterior pararenal space?

A

Renal fascia

66
Q

What is the posterior pararenal space anterior to?

A

Transversalis fascia

67
Q

What are structures in the posterior pararenal space? 2

A
  1. No solid organs
  2. Contains fat
68
Q

What are scanning techniques used to see the peritoneal/ retroperitoneal cavity? 3

A
  1. Use a 3.5 to 5 MHz probe
  2. Patients should fast overnight to decrease bowel gas
  3. Graded compression can be applied to displace gas
69
Q

What is the role of ultrasound for the peritoneal/ retroperitoneal cavity? 6

A

Identify and characterize lesions in
1. Pancreas
2. Kidneys
3. Adrenals
4. Duodenum
5. Colon
6. Lymph nodes

70
Q

What does ultrasound allows us to asses in terms of the peritoneal/retroperitoneal cavity? 2

A
  1. Assess aortic aneurysms
  2. Provide guidance for interventional procedures

DMST 254 ABD 1 (26 decks)

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