Quiz 4: Abdomen and superficial structures review Flashcards
The adrenal gland is really two glands in one organ. What is the adrenal gland composed of?
Two endocrine glands
Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?
Glomerulosa
Which term refers to antibodies that are liberated into plasma by committed lymphocytes?
Humoral response
Which of the following best describes the normal sonographic appearance of the spleen?
- Hypoechoic
- Hyperechoic
- High echogenic compared to the liver
- More echogenic than the renal cortex in a adult
More echogenic than the left renal cortex in an adult
Which term refers to an increase in white blood cells?
Leukocytosis
Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
- Destruction of old red blood cells
- Production of lymphocyte s
- Destruction of leukocytes
- Production of antibodies
Destruction of leukocytes
Which of the following are the “characteristic folds” demonstrated in the small intestines?
- Rugae
- Haustra
- Teniae coli
- Valvulae conniventes
Valvulae conniventes
The spleen receives its blood supply from the splenic artery, which is a branch of what vessel?
Celiac axis
Which of the following segments of bowel is retroperitoneal?
- First part duodenum
- Transverse colon
- Ascending colon
- Ileum
Ascending colon
For the AP diameter, what is the upper limit of normal for an abdominal lymph node?
1cm
The adrenal medulla produces which of the following?
norepinephrine
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the adrenal cortex?
- Zona cortilaris
- Zona reticularis
- Zona fasciculata
- Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Cortilaris
Where are accessory spleens most often located?
At the hilum of the spleen
The bowel wall is comprised of how many histologic layers?
4
Which of the following sonographic approaches would NOT be advantageous in visualizing the spleen?
Intercostal in LLD
Which of the following statements does not apply to the lymphatic system?
Lymph circulation relies on the pumping action of the heart
Where is the normal appendix most commonly located?
Inferior to the cecum
What is the normal single wall thickness for distended bowel?
3 mm
In which space of the abdominal cavity are the adrenal glands located?
perirenal
In a normal adult, which of the following structures would be least echogenic?
- Liver
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Renal cortex
Pancreas
Referring to the anatomy of the lymphatic system, what are the blind-ended structures located in the interstitial spaces called?
Capillaries
You are performing an abdominal ultrasound and detect a striated, hyperechoic structure immediately posterior to the right kidney. A similar structure is seen posterior to the left kidney. What are you imaging?
Quadratus lumborum muscle
Which of the following is NOT part of the reticuloendothelial (RE) system?
- Lymph nodes
- Kupffer cells
- Sinusoids
- Spleen
Sinusoids
You are performing an abdominal ultrasound to search for lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes). Where should you look?
- Splenic and renal hilum
- Para- aortic area
- Porta hepatis
What term would be used to describe a spleen that is 19 cm in length?
Severe splenomegaly
Which of the following substances is secreted by the duodena mucosa?
- Albumin
- Amylase
- Bilirubin
- Cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin
Which of the following muscles is located most anterior in the abdomen?
- Transversus abdominis
- Quadratus lumborum
- External oblique
- Rectus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Which muscle is the major active muscle of respiration?
Diaphragm
Which of the following would be a landmark in demonstrating the short axis of the proximal aorta?
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Crura of diaphragm
- Pancreas
- IVC
Crura of diaphragm
Which of the following is an anatomical vessel where vessels can enter and exit the abdominal cavity, and is a potential site for hernias?
- Linea alba
- Arcuate line
- Rectus sheath
- Inguinal canal
Inguinal canal
Name the imaging artifact demonstrated in this transverse image of the proximal aorta?
Refractory duplication
Transverse proximal aorta. Identify the structure indicated by the white arrows
Right crus
Does this spleen measure within normal limits?
Yes
Midline abdominal wall. Identify the structure indicated by the red arrow.
Linea Alba
Identify the specific structure indicated by the red arrow?
Left internal oblique
Name the imaging artifact demonstrated?
Mirror artifact
Transverse right liver/ Right kidney. Identify the specific structure indicated by the white arrow?
Right psoas
Identify the specific outline by the white arrows on this neonatal patient.
right adrenal cortex
Identify the structure indicated by the white arrow
Antrum of the stomach
Identify the splenic variant in the image below
Accessory spleen
