Quiz 4: Abdomen and superficial structures review

Question 1

The adrenal gland is really two glands in one organ. What is the adrenal gland composed of?

Answer 1

Two endocrine glands

Question 2

Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?

Answer 2

Glomerulosa

Question 3

Which term refers to antibodies that are liberated into plasma by committed lymphocytes?

Answer 3

Humoral response

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the normal sonographic appearance of the spleen?

1. Hypoechoic
2. Hyperechoic
3. High echogenic compared to the liver
4. More echogenic than the renal cortex in a adult

Answer 4

More echogenic than the left renal cortex in an adult

Question 5

Which term refers to an increase in white blood cells?

Answer 5

Leukocytosis

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

1. Destruction of old red blood cells
2. Production of lymphocyte s
3. Destruction of leukocytes
4. Production of antibodies

Answer 6

Destruction of leukocytes

Question 7

Which of the following are the “characteristic folds” demonstrated in the small intestines?

1. Rugae
2. Haustra
3. Teniae coli
4. Valvulae conniventes

Answer 7

Valvulae conniventes

Question 8

The spleen receives its blood supply from the splenic artery, which is a branch of what vessel?

Answer 8

Celiac axis

Question 9

Which of the following segments of bowel is retroperitoneal?

1. First part duodenum
2. Transverse colon
3. Ascending colon
4. Ileum

Answer 9

Ascending colon

Question 10

For the AP diameter, what is the upper limit of normal for an abdominal lymph node?

Answer 10

1cm

Question 11

The adrenal medulla produces which of the following?

Answer 11

norepinephrine

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the adrenal cortex?

1. Zona cortilaris
2. Zona reticularis
3. Zona fasciculata
4. Zona Glomerulosa

Answer 12

Zona Cortilaris

Question 13

Where are accessory spleens most often located?

Answer 13

At the hilum of the spleen

Question 14

The bowel wall is comprised of how many histologic layers?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

Which of the following sonographic approaches would NOT be advantageous in visualizing the spleen?

Answer 15

Intercostal in LLD

Question 16

Which of the following statements does not apply to the lymphatic system?

Answer 16

Lymph circulation relies on the pumping action of the heart

Question 17

Where is the normal appendix most commonly located?

Answer 17

Inferior to the cecum

Question 18

What is the normal single wall thickness for distended bowel?

Answer 18

3 mm

Question 19

In which space of the abdominal cavity are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 19

perirenal

Question 20

In a normal adult, which of the following structures would be least echogenic?

1. Liver
2. Spleen
3. Pancreas
4. Renal cortex

Answer 20

Pancreas

Question 21

Referring to the anatomy of the lymphatic system, what are the blind-ended structures located in the interstitial spaces called?

Answer 21

Capillaries

Question 22

You are performing an abdominal ultrasound and detect a striated, hyperechoic structure immediately posterior to the right kidney. A similar structure is seen posterior to the left kidney. What are you imaging?

Answer 22

Quadratus lumborum muscle

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT part of the reticuloendothelial (RE) system?

1. Lymph nodes
2. Kupffer cells
3. Sinusoids
4. Spleen

Answer 23

Sinusoids

Question 24

You are performing an abdominal ultrasound to search for lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes). Where should you look?

Answer 24

1. Splenic and renal hilum
2. Para- aortic area
3. Porta hepatis

Question 25

What term would be used to describe a spleen that is 19 cm in length?

Answer 25

Severe splenomegaly

Question 26

Which of the following substances is secreted by the duodena mucosa? 1. Albumin 2. Amylase 3. Bilirubin 4. Cholecystokinin

Answer 26

Cholecystokinin

Question 27

Which of the following muscles is located most anterior in the abdomen? 1. Transversus abdominis 2. Quadratus lumborum 3. External oblique 4. Rectus abdominis

Answer 27

Rectus abdominis

Question 28

Which muscle is the major active muscle of respiration?

Answer 28

Diaphragm

Question 29

Which of the following would be a landmark in demonstrating the short axis of the proximal aorta? 1. Superior mesenteric artery 2. Crura of diaphragm 3. Pancreas 4. IVC

Answer 29

Crura of diaphragm

Question 30

Which of the following is an anatomical vessel where vessels can enter and exit the abdominal cavity, and is a potential site for hernias? 1. Linea alba 2. Arcuate line 3. Rectus sheath 4. Inguinal canal

Answer 30

Inguinal canal

Question 31

Name the imaging artifact demonstrated in this transverse image of the proximal aorta?

Answer 31

Refractory duplication

Question 32

Transverse proximal aorta. Identify the structure indicated by the white arrows

Answer 32

Right crus

Question 33

Does this spleen measure within normal limits?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Midline abdominal wall. Identify the structure indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 34

Linea Alba

Question 35

Identify the specific structure indicated by the red arrow?

Answer 35

Left internal oblique

Question 36

Name the imaging artifact demonstrated?

Answer 36

Mirror artifact

Question 37

Transverse right liver/ Right kidney. Identify the specific structure indicated by the white arrow?

Answer 37

Right psoas

Question 38

Identify the specific outline by the white arrows on this neonatal patient.

Answer 38

right adrenal cortex

Question 39

Identify the structure indicated by the white arrow

Answer 39

Antrum of the stomach

Question 40

Identify the splenic variant in the image below

Answer 40

Accessory spleen