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DMST 254 Abd. and Superficial structures 1 > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pancreas formed by?

A

The ventral and dorsal diverticula of the foregut

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2
Q

What does dorsal bud form?

A

Forms Neck, body, and tail

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3
Q

What does the Ventral bud form?

A

Forms head and uncinate process

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4
Q

What is the location of the pancreas?

A
  1. Retroperitoneal
  2. Epigastrium/ Left hypochondrium
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5
Q

Anatomically what is the Pancreas located in terms of lesser sac, stomach, and liver?

A

Posterior to
1. Lesser sac
2. Stomach
3. Left lobe of the liver

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6
Q

Where does the head of the pancreas lie in relation to the duodenum?

A

The C loop of the duodenum

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7
Q

The pancreas extends from the duodenal loop to what other structure?

A

Splenic hilum

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8
Q

The size and shape of pancreas shrinks with what?

A

Age, 12-15 cm in length

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9
Q

What does the outline of the pancreas look like?

A

Smooth, no focal enlargements

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10
Q

What are the AP dimensions of the Pancreas?

A

Head (2-3), Body (2-5), tail (1-2)

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11
Q

What are some common shapes of the pancreas? 3

A
  1. Common
  2. Sausage
  3. Dumbbell tadpole
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12
Q

Where is the head of the Pancreatic head located?

A
  1. Medial to duodenum
  2. Anterior to IVC
  3. Anterior to LRV
  4. Lateral to confluence
  5. Inferior to portal vein
  6. Posterior to stomach
  7. Inferior to HA
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13
Q

Where is the GDA and theCBD located?

A

In the head of the pancreas

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14
Q

Where is the uncinate located in relation into the SMV?

A

Posterior to SMV

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15
Q

Where is the neck of the pancreas located in relation to the SMV, Portal confluence, and the CHA? 2

A
  1. Anterior to SMV and portal confluence
  2. Inferior to CHA
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16
Q

What structures are posterior to the body of the pancreas? 4

A
  1. Aorta
  2. LRV
  3. Splenic vein
  4. SMA
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17
Q

What portion of the pancreas is located inferior to the celiac axis?

A

Body of the pancreas

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18
Q

What are some things to remember in terms of the pancreatic tail and the Left adrenal, Aorta, splenic artery, And Splenic vein? 4

A
  1. It is anterior to left Andrenal
  2. Left of aorta
  3. Splenic artery is posterior/superior
  4. Splenic vein is posterior/ inferior boarder
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19
Q

What are the two pancreatic ducts?

A
  1. Duct of Wirsung
  2. Duct of Santorini
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20
Q

What is the Duct of Wirsung? Where does it extend?

A
  1. Main pancreatic duct
  2. Extends along the length of the gland
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21
Q

What does the Duct of Wirsung join with? What does it enter?

A

Joins with the CBD and enters the ampulla of vater

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22
Q

What should the diameter of the duct of Wirsung be?

A

Not to extend 2mm

23
Q

What is the Duct of santorini?

A

Accessory pancreatic duct

24
Q

What does the duct of santorini enter? 2

A

Enters
1. The duodenum ~2 cm proximal to main duct
2. Enters the minor duodenal papilla

25
Q

The pancreas has both _________ functions?

A
  1. Endocrine - Hormonal
  2. Exocrine - digestive
26
Q

How much of the pancreas tissue is exocrine tissue?

A

About 80%

27
Q

The exocrine functions of the pancreas does what?

A

Produces pancreatic juices which are liberated into the pancreatic duct

28
Q

The pancreatic exocrine juice is composed of what? 4

A
  1. Enzymes
  2. Water
  3. Bicarbonate
  4. Salts
29
Q

What are some examples of the Exocrine enzymes for the pancreas? 5

A
  1. Amylase: acts on carbs
  2. Lipase: acts of fats
  3. Trypsin: chymotrypsin: acts on proteins
  4. Protease: acts on nucleic acids
  5. Sodium bicarbonate: Neutralizes HCL
30
Q

What triggers the release of pancreatic juices?

A

Food ingested into the duodenum stimulates the release of hormones

31
Q

What is Secretin?

A

Stimulates the production of sodium bicarbonate

32
Q

What does CCF do?

A

Stimulates the acinar cells to produce digestive enzymes

33
Q

What takes care of the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

The islets of Langerhans Produce hormones which are related into the pancreatic tail

34
Q

What are three types of endocrine cells in the pancreas?

A
  1. Alpha
  2. Beta
  3. Delta
35
Q

What does alpha do?

A

Produce glucagon

36
Q

What does the beta cells do?

A

Produces insulin

37
Q

What does the delta cells do?

A

Produce somatostatin

38
Q

What is the serum amylase lab test?

A
  1. Obstruction/ necrosis which cause amylase to leak into the tissue spaces and bloodstream
39
Q

For the serum amylase exam what happens to the blood levels?

A

It increases within 3-6 hours, can persist for 24 hours

40
Q

What is the lipase excreted from?

A

Excreted by pancreas by pancreas only.

41
Q

What is one of the causes of Lipase?

A

Increased inflammatory conditions and some neoplasms

42
Q

Levels can stay elevated for how long?

A

Up to 14 days, after amylase has dropped

43
Q

What is an increase of glucose an indicator for?

A

Diabetes, chronic liver and pancreatic disease

44
Q

What does a decrease of glucose indicate?

A

tumours of the islets of langerhands Hypoglycemia

45
Q

What is glucose tolerance?

A

Measures the abilities ability to process sugar

46
Q

Where is urine amylase found? What does urine amylase do? 2

A
  1. Generally parallel level found in blood
  2. Urinary levels return to normal more slowly than blood
47
Q

After the urine amylase the levels may remain elevated for how many days?

A

7-10 days in chronic and acute pancreatitis

48
Q

Where does the pancreas get blood?

A
  1. Pancreaticoduodenal Arterials and splenic artery
  2. Anterior and inferior pancreaticodundenal
49
Q

What is the patient prep for pancreas exams?

A
  1. Nothing to eat or drink for 6-12 hours prior
  2. Avoid chewing gum and smoking
50
Q

What time of the day should we schedule pancreas exams?

A

Schedule exam in AM

51
Q

When do we scan the pancreas during exam?

A

In the AM

52
Q

What is the Sonographic appearance of the Pancreas ?

A

Slightly coarser than liver isoechoic&raquo_space;> slightly more echogenicity than liver duct to be

53
Q

What is the double parallel line sine?

A

Two ducts in the head of the pancreas

DMST 254 Abd. and Superficial structures 1 (26 decks)

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