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PLANT > The Plant Body (2) > Flashcards

The Plant Body (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 plant organs?

A
  • Roots.
  • Stem.
  • Leaves.
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2
Q

What are the systems plants are divided into? (2)

A
  • Root system.

* Shoot system.

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3
Q

Name the components of the root system? (3)

A
  • Tap roots.
  • Lateral roots.
  • Root hairs.
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4
Q

Name the components of the shoot system. (3)

A
  • Stem.
  • Leaves.
  • Reproductive structure (flower).
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5
Q

Shoot systems basically contains ….shoot & …. shoot.

A
  • Vegetative shoot.

* Reproductive shoot.

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6
Q

What do roots primarily do? (2)

A
  • Anchor the plant.

* Absorb minerals & water.

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7
Q

What are root hairs?

A

Outgrowths of an epidermal cell.

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8
Q

What do root hairs do?

A

Increase SA.

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9
Q

What kind of roots are found in monocots?

A

Fibrous roots.

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10
Q

What kind of roots are found in Dicots?

A

Tap roots.

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11
Q

Where are fibrous roots usually found?

A

On soil surface.

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12
Q

Where are tap roots usually found?

A

Deep within the soil

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13
Q

What are the 5 root structures?/What are the 5 structures that make up roots?

A
  • Meristems.
  • Cortex.
  • Epidermis.
  • Epical meristem.
  • Root cap.
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14
Q

What is a meristem composed of?(3)

A
  • Protoderm.
  • Ground meristem.
  • Procambium.
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15
Q

What is the protoderm equivalent to?

A

Epidermis.

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16
Q

What is the ground meristem?

A

Ground tissue made of parenchyma cells.

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17
Q

What is procambium?

A

Primary vascular tissue.

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18
Q

What is the cortex?

A

A mass of parenchyma cells.

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19
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

The outer layer of the root.

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20
Q

What does the epical meristem do?

A

Produces undifferentiated cells.

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21
Q

What does the root cap do?

A

Protects the epical meristem.

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22
Q

What are the 2 zones found on a root?

A
  • Zone of elongation.

* Zone of maturation/Zone of differentiation.

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23
Q

What happens in the zone of elongation?

A

Roots elongate/grow rapidly.

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24
Q

What happens in the zone of maturation?

A

Root hairs form.

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25
Q

What are parenchyma cells?

A

Unspecialised cells found in the ground tissue in plants.

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26
Q

Name the 5 root types.

A
  • Buttress roots.
  • Storage roots.
  • Prop roots.
  • Strangling roots.
  • Pneumatophores.
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27
Q

Role of buttress roots?

A

Support trunk of trees.

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28
Q

Role of prop roots?

A

Support tall heavy plants.

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29
Q

Role of storage roots?

A

Store food & water.

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30
Q

Role of strangling roots?

A

Takeover other trees.

31
Q

Role of pneumatophores?

A

Enable root to obtain oxygen.

32
Q

What is phenotypic plasticity?

A

The change of morphology to adapt to environmental pressures.

33
Q

What do roots portray? (2)

A
  • Phenotypic plasticity.

* Morphological diversity.

34
Q

Eg of food with buttress roots?

A

Banyan trees.

35
Q

Eg of food with storage roots?

A

Beetroots & Carrots.

36
Q

Eg of food with prop roots?

A

Rubber plant.

37
Q

Eg of food with strangling roots?

A

Strangler fig.

38
Q

Eg of food with pneumatophores?

A

Mangroves.

39
Q

What do stems primarily do? (2)

A
  • Offer structural support for plants.

* Act as a frame for positions of leaves.

40
Q

What are the 2 growth stages of stems?

A
  • Primary growth.

* Secondary growth.

41
Q

Role of primary growth in stems?

A

To elongate the plant.

42
Q

Role of secondary growth of stems?

A

Thickening of stem to form vascular tissue.

43
Q

Parts of a stem? (5)

A
  • Leaf.
  • Nodes.
  • Internodes.
  • Buds.
  • Growing end.
44
Q

What are nodes?

A

All places with axillary buds.

45
Q

What are the 6 stem types?

A
  • Rhizomes.
  • Stolons.
  • Tubers.
  • Tendrils.
  • Spines.
  • Storage.
46
Q

Function of rhizomes? (2)

A
  • Produce new individuals underground.

* Store starch.

47
Q

Function of stolons? (2)

A
  • Produce individuals above ground.

* Capture light.

48
Q

Difference between rhizomes and stolons?

A

Rhizomes = function for vegetative growth & storage.

Stolons = function for vegetative growth & light capture.

49
Q

Function of tubers?

A

Store starch.

50
Q

What are tendrils?

A

Climbing structures that compete for sunlight.

51
Q

Function of spines?

A

Protection.

52
Q

Function of storage stems?

A

Store water.

53
Q

Eg of rhizomes?

A

Ginger.

54
Q

Eg of stolons?

A

Strawberry.

55
Q

Eg of tubers?

A

Potatoes.

56
Q

Eg of tendrils?

A

Grapes.

57
Q

Eg of spines?

A

Acacia trees.

58
Q

Eg of storage stems?

A

Cactus.

59
Q

What do leaves primarily do? (2)

A
  • Sites for photosynthesis.

* Distribution of water & nutrients.

60
Q

What are the 2 leaf types?

A
  • Simple leaf.

* Compound leaf.

61
Q

What are the 4 types of compound leaves?

A
  • Palmate.
  • Trifoliolate.
  • Pinnate.
  • Bipinnate.
62
Q

Name the 3 types of leaf arrangement.

A
  • Alternate.
  • Whorled/Spiral.
  • Opposite.
63
Q

Difference between cross-sectional of monocot leaf & dicot leaf?

A

Arrangement of xylem & phloem in each leaf.

64
Q

What 2 features do leaves have that roots & stems do not?

A
  • A cuticle.

* Vessels.

65
Q

What does a Cuticle do?

A

Prevents water loss.

66
Q

What do stomata do?

A

Limit the capturing of light/Limit light capture.

67
Q

What are the 3 tissues found in leaves?

A
  • Epidermis/Dermal tissue.
  • Mesophyll/Ground tissue.
  • Vascular tissue.
68
Q

Where is dermal tissue found on a leaf?

A

On outer layer of leaf.

69
Q

Where is Mesophyll found on a leaf?

A

Between the two epidermal cell layers of the leaf.

70
Q

Where is vascular tissue found on a leaf?

A

Among the spongy Mesophyll.

71
Q

What are 5 differences between monocots & dicots?

A
  • 1 cotyledon × 2 cotyledons [EMBRYO]
  • multiples of 3 × multiples of 4/5 [FLOWER PARTS]
  • scattered vascular bundles × ringed vascular bundles [STEM]
  • 1 furrow × 3 furrows [POLLEN]
  • parallel × reticulated [MAJOR LEAF VEINS]
  • absent × present [SECONDARY GROWTH]
72
Q

2 eg of monocots?

A
  • Orchids.

* Grasses.

73
Q

2 eg of dicots?

A
  • Shrubs.

* Trees.

PLANT (15 decks)

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