The Ottomans Flashcards
Millet System
It gave towns the ability to live independently under the Ottomans control. They would just have to pay blood tax every month.
Blood Tax
One out of every 10 boys would be sent to turkey and convert to islam, live with a turkish family and train to become a hardcore warrior.
Byzantine Empire
It was new Rome but not as big as the holy roman empire. After the fall of the western roman empire the eastern roman empire became the byzantine empire. But because it was smaller it was pushed overtime into the turkey/greece area.
Seljuk Turks
They lived next to the Byzantine empire. Then they became Ottomans.
Ghazis
Most Turks were muslims and viewed themselves as warriors defending and spreading Islam called themselves ghazis. This influenced culture into the ottomans. (warriors for islam)
Ottomans
Turkish speaking Nomads. They didn’t really have any loyalty or unity.
Byzantines
To the west, Muslim Empires: the east. Black sea and Russia to the north.
Origins of the Ottoman Empire
Founded in 1299 by Osman I in northeastern Anatolia named after Osman I “ottoman”. Emerged from the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum. Initially a small principality (beylik) on the Byzantine frontier.
Sultan
Word for the ruler of the Ottoman Empire.
Powerful Sultans
-Orhan I
-Mehmed II
-Suleyman I
Janissaries
What the christian boys who were take were called (The blood tax boys)
Early Expansion of the Ottomans
Conquered Byzantine territories in Anatolia and the balkans. They established a strong military and administrative system. Developed the devşirme system for recruiting soldiers and officials. They did this because they didn’t have enough people to fight.
Key victories for the ottomans
- Battle of kosovo (1389)
-Battle of nicopolis (1396)
Mehmed II
He unified the ottomans again. He is Bayezid’s great grandson.
Suleyman I
He was a very powerful ruler who expanded the Ottoman empire to the north into europe. He went to war with Turkey over expanding into the north. He conquered Rhodes which helped him expand.
Setbacks
bayezid demanded tribute from an emir loyal to Mongol Timur the Lame. Bayezid traded insults in 1402. Timur invaded the Ottoman empire. Bayzeid captured at the battle of ankara.
Timur Withdraws
Bayezid attacked. Timur must put down rebellion-dies 1405. Bayezid and wife commit suicide in 1403. Interregnum follows- power struggle. Mehmed I (son of bayezid) successfully takes control. Died in 1405 but before that Bayezid and his wife committed suicide.
Bayezid
Was important but really stupid. He demanded tribute from an emir loyal to Mongol Timur the Lame. Bayezid traded insults in 1402. He caused a war and lost so badly that he was humiliated by Timur and was locked in a cage naked and killed himself. His wife also had to be Timur’s servant.
Constantinople
Mehmed was determined to take Constantinople. Ottomans control territory surrounding the city. Byzantines control Bosporus straits. It divided the Ottoman Empire.
The fall of constantinople
Under the rule of Mehmed II the Ottomans took Constantinople 1453. This was important because Constantinople was very secure. They wanted to take it because it had the best access to trade routes.
Istanbul not Constantinople
Mehmed II takes Constantinople with European help.
Sagia Sophia
Built by the eastern roman empire. It was similar to a cathedral. When the ottomans took over they didn’t destroy it and turned it into a moss. They covered up all the christians stuff with muslim art. Calligraphy was art. When the empire failed they turned into a museum. 10 years ago they turned it back into a mass.
Vlad the Impaler
When Mehmed II expanded into Europe he demanded tribute from Vlad’s towns. Vlad said no and took people from the Ottoman empire and impaled them through their butts. Dracula was inspired by him.
Expansion
Under Suleymans rule the empire was at its peak and expanded.
Ottoman Society and Culture
With all the mixes of people and cultures living in it people started sharing traditions and it became a mixing pot of cultures.
Safid Rise
They were Perisan and Turks and were around in the 1500’s. The Ottomans and Turks hated each other and Esmail founded it.
Safids
Email took control of Iran and Iraq and fought the Uzbeks and won but lost to the Ottomans. Esmail died in 1524 and after his death his empire started to decline. But in 1588 Abbas became ruler and started building it back up. It lasted until 1722.
