The Ottomans

Question 1

Millet System

Answer 1

It gave towns the ability to live independently under the Ottomans control. They would just have to pay blood tax every month.

Question 2

Blood Tax

Answer 2

One out of every 10 boys would be sent to turkey and convert to islam, live with a turkish family and train to become a hardcore warrior.

Question 3

Byzantine Empire

Answer 3

It was new Rome but not as big as the holy roman empire. After the fall of the western roman empire the eastern roman empire became the byzantine empire. But because it was smaller it was pushed overtime into the turkey/greece area.

Question 4

Seljuk Turks

Answer 4

They lived next to the Byzantine empire. Then they became Ottomans.

Question 5

Ghazis

Answer 5

Most Turks were muslims and viewed themselves as warriors defending and spreading Islam called themselves ghazis. This influenced culture into the ottomans. (warriors for islam)

Question 6

Ottomans

Answer 6

Turkish speaking Nomads. They didn’t really have any loyalty or unity.

Question 7

Byzantines

Answer 7

To the west, Muslim Empires: the east. Black sea and Russia to the north.

Question 8

Origins of the Ottoman Empire

Answer 8

Founded in 1299 by Osman I in northeastern Anatolia named after Osman I “ottoman”. Emerged from the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum. Initially a small principality (beylik) on the Byzantine frontier.

Question 9

Sultan

Answer 9

Word for the ruler of the Ottoman Empire.

Question 10

Powerful Sultans

Answer 10

-Orhan I
-Mehmed II
-Suleyman I

Question 11

Janissaries

Answer 11

What the christian boys who were take were called (The blood tax boys)

Question 12

Early Expansion of the Ottomans

Answer 12

Conquered Byzantine territories in Anatolia and the balkans. They established a strong military and administrative system. Developed the devşirme system for recruiting soldiers and officials. They did this because they didn’t have enough people to fight.

Question 13

Key victories for the ottomans

Answer 13

• Battle of kosovo (1389)
  -Battle of nicopolis (1396)

Question 14

Mehmed II

Answer 14

He unified the ottomans again. He is Bayezid’s great grandson.

Question 15

Suleyman I

Answer 15

He was a very powerful ruler who expanded the Ottoman empire to the north into europe. He went to war with Turkey over expanding into the north. He conquered Rhodes which helped him expand.

Question 16

Setbacks

Answer 16

bayezid demanded tribute from an emir loyal to Mongol Timur the Lame. Bayezid traded insults in 1402. Timur invaded the Ottoman empire. Bayzeid captured at the battle of ankara.

Question 17

Timur Withdraws

Answer 17

Bayezid attacked. Timur must put down rebellion-dies 1405. Bayezid and wife commit suicide in 1403. Interregnum follows- power struggle. Mehmed I (son of bayezid) successfully takes control. Died in 1405 but before that Bayezid and his wife committed suicide.

Question 18

Bayezid

Answer 18

Was important but really stupid. He demanded tribute from an emir loyal to Mongol Timur the Lame. Bayezid traded insults in 1402. He caused a war and lost so badly that he was humiliated by Timur and was locked in a cage naked and killed himself. His wife also had to be Timur’s servant.

Question 19

Constantinople

Answer 19

Mehmed was determined to take Constantinople. Ottomans control territory surrounding the city. Byzantines control Bosporus straits. It divided the Ottoman Empire.

Question 20

The fall of constantinople

Answer 20

Under the rule of Mehmed II the Ottomans took Constantinople 1453. This was important because Constantinople was very secure. They wanted to take it because it had the best access to trade routes.

Question 21

Istanbul not Constantinople

Answer 21

Mehmed II takes Constantinople with European help.

Question 22

Sagia Sophia

Answer 22

Built by the eastern roman empire. It was similar to a cathedral. When the ottomans took over they didn’t destroy it and turned it into a moss. They covered up all the christians stuff with muslim art. Calligraphy was art. When the empire failed they turned into a museum. 10 years ago they turned it back into a mass.

Question 23

Vlad the Impaler

Answer 23

When Mehmed II expanded into Europe he demanded tribute from Vlad’s towns. Vlad said no and took people from the Ottoman empire and impaled them through their butts. Dracula was inspired by him.

Question 24

Expansion

Answer 24

Under Suleymans rule the empire was at its peak and expanded.

Question 25

Ottoman Society and Culture

Answer 25

With all the mixes of people and cultures living in it people started sharing traditions and it became a mixing pot of cultures.

Question 26

Safid Rise

Answer 26

They were Perisan and Turks and were around in the 1500’s. The Ottomans and Turks hated each other and Esmail founded it.

Question 27

Safids

Answer 27

Email took control of Iran and Iraq and fought the Uzbeks and won but lost to the Ottomans. Esmail died in 1524 and after his death his empire started to decline. But in 1588 Abbas became ruler and started building it back up. It lasted until 1722.