The Nervous System Flashcards
The nervous system works with which other system to maintain Homeostasis?
Endocrine
What is the function of the nervous system?
The nervous system is responsible for receiving information from outside of the body and transmitting that information between different parts of the body.
It is also responsible for transmitting information around the body.
List the structure of the nervous system
Nerve cell/Neurone
The central nervous system
The peripheral nervous system
What is the role of a neurone?
A neurone is a specialised cell designed to receive stimuli and transmit nerve impulses.
List the structure of a neurone
Cell body, central nucleus, axons, dendrites
What is the dendrites function?
Receive messages from other nerve cells
What is the function of the axon?
The axon sends information one way from the nerve cell to the axon terminal. The axon terminal is where the electrical charge being sent from the nerve cell is changed into a chemical signal.
What covers large axons?
The myelin sheath
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
The myelin sheath acts as an insulator and helps speed up nerve impulses.
How many axons does the nerve cell have?
one
What are the breaks in the myelin sheath known as and what are their purpose?
Nodes of Ranvier and they help to transmit the nerve impulse
Name the three main types of neurones
Sensory or afferent neurones
Motor or efferent neurones
Association or connecting neurones
What sensations are transmitted by the sensory neurones?
heat,cold,pain,taste,smell,sight and hearing
What are the functions of motor neurones?
To carry impulses away from the brain and the spinal cord taking messages to muscles and glands
where are the association/connecting neurones found?
The brain and spinal cord
What do association/connecting neurones connect?
sensory and motor neurones
Name the two mains parts of the nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS)
The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
The central nervous system consists of what?
The brain and spinal cord
What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?
31 pairs of spinal nerves
12 pairs of cranial nerves
the autonomic nervous system
Name the main facial nerves
Trigeminal nerves, ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular nerves (sensory nerves) Facial nerves (Supply the facial muscles of expression) Olfactory nerves (sense of smell)
Explain the somatic nervous system
Voluntary nervous system that is made of nerve fibres and sends information from the CNS to the muscles. It allows voluntary action. ( actions that you are aware of)
Explain the autonomic nervous system
Ensures the internal organs and glands function smoothly. It allows the body to carry out involuntary action ( for example your heart beating)
Name the two parts of the autonomic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system
How do the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system work together?
They work together to regulate and balance the internal workings of the body but have opposite effects.
Name some pathologies of the nervous system
Epilepsy, Bell’s palsy, cerebal palsy, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
a. Supports neurones and provides nutrients to help them conduct nerve impulses
b. Controls activities of the autonomic nervous system and the pituitary gland
c. Helps control balance and posture
d. Transmits messages between the cerebellum and the cerebrum
b. Controls activities of the autonomic nervous system and the pituitary gland
Which part of the brain is the spinal cord attached to?
a. Cerebellum
b. Cerebrum
c. Pons
d. Medulla oblongata
b. Cerebrum
The function of the spinal cord is to provide communication between the brain and all parts of the body:
True
False
True
Which type of nerves are responsible for actions in times of stress and are made up of a network of interlaced nerves?
a. Parasympathetic
b. Motor
c. Sympathetic
d. Sensory
c. Sympathetic
The fatty, insulating material around the axon is called:
a. Meninges
b. Semi-permeable membrane
c. Myelin sheath
d. Neurone
Myelin sheath
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
a. 23
b. 31
c. 33
d. 42
b. 31
The peripheral nervous system is concerned with nerves outside the central nervous system and is composed of which types of nerves?
a. Motor and sensory
b. Motor
c. Sensory
d. Motor, sensory and mixed nerves
d. Motor, sensory and mixed nerves
Which type of nerves cause the heart rate to slow down, blood pressure to drop and the digestive system to become more active?
a. Parasympathetic
b. Motor
c. Sympathetic
d. Sensory
a. Parasympathetic
