The Endocrine System Flashcards
How are hormones transported around the body?
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Hormones are secreted by the hormone glands into the blood stream; from there they are circulated around the body affecting the different organs these organs are known as target organ
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers which control the internal functions of the body.
List the three types of hormones:
There are three basic types of hormones:
- Amino acids eg Thyroxin
- Steroids eg Hydrocortisone
- Polypeptides eg Insulin
Where is the pituitary gland located?
The brain
Where is the thyroid gland located?
The neck, situated on either side of the trachea
Where would you find the parathyroid gland?
Four small glands which are situated on the posterior of the thyroid gland.
Where would you find the pancreas?
The pancreas s about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach
Where is the adrenal gland located?
The adrenal glands consist of two triangles shapes that lie on top of the kidney.
Name the 2 parts of the adrenal gland
They are made of two parts:
A. Medulla.
B. Cortex
Where would you find the ovaries?
There are two of these and they are situated below the kidneys
Where are the testes located?
In the groin of a male and are contained in a sac named the scrotum.
What system controls the endocrine system?
The nervous system
How does the endocrine system link to the nervous system?
The hypothalamus links the endocrine system with the cerebral cortex.
How does the hypothalamus regulate the endocrine system?
- Acts as an endocrine by producing some hormones
- Controls the adrenal medulla through the sympathetic nervous system
- Produces regulating hormones releasing and inhibiting factors.
List the hormones that are responsible for female puberty?
- oestrogen
- progesterone
- hormones from the pituitary gland, the follicle stimulating and the luteinizing ones which are released, bringing about changes in the ovaries and the uterus.
Which glands have endocrine and exocrine functions?
- Pancreas
- Ovaries
- Testes
What hormone is known as the pregnancy hormone?
Progesterone
What happens during the menopause?
The menstrual cycle ceases
The ovaries become inactive
The production of oestrogen and progesterone stops.
What hormone does the thymus produce?
Thymosin
What is the action of thymosin?
Stimulates antibody production
What hormone does the pineal produce?
Melatonin
What is the action of melatonin?
It affects body rhythms and reproductive cycle
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen and Progesterone
What is the action of oestrogen?
Causes secondary sexual characteristics of female
Inhibits FSH, Para hormone
Antagonistic to androgen hormones
What is the action of progesterone?
Prevents ovulation
Prepares lining of uterus for pregnancy
Maintains pregnancy
What hormone is produced by the thyroid?
Thyroxin
What is the action of thyroxin?
Maintains the basal metabolic rate
What hormone is produces by the parathyroid?
Para hormone
What is the action of Para hormone?
Controls calcium ions in the blood
What hormones are produced by the Islets of Langerhans?
Insulin
Glucagon
What is the action of insulin?
Stimulates storage of glucose in liver
What is the action of glucagon?
Stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose
What hormone is produced by the pituitary gland?
Growth hormone
What is the action of growth hormone?
Development of bones, tissue, muscle and organs
What hormones do the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces?
Thyroid stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotrophic Melanocyte stimulating hormone Gonadotrophic hormones Lactogenic hormones
What is the action of Thyroid stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotrophic Melanocyte stimulating hormone Gonadotrophic hormones Lactogenic hormones
Thyroid stimulating hormone - Stimulates thyroid gland activity
Adrenocorticotrophic - Stimulates adrenal cortex gland activity
Melanocyte stimulating hormone - Stimulates density of colour in skin and hair
Gonadotrophic hormones - Stimulates sex hormones, eggs, sperm etc
Lactogenic hormones - Controls secretion of milk and maintains corpus luteum in pregnancy
What is the functions of the thyroid gland?
To produce and store the hormone thyroxine.
•Stores iodine after removing it from the blood (found in the food and water of the diet).
•Exercises control over the general rate of the metabolism (BMR).
•It controls the growth of nervous tissue/mental development during infancy.
•It affects the irritability of the nervous system in adult lie, eg calm, highly-strung etc.
•It controls and regulates the growth of the body’s bone structure during childhood.
•It works in conjunction with the other endocrine glands to balance the body’s systems.
•It maintains the skin and hair’s healthy appearance and condition
What is the condition Myxodema?
The condition Myxodema is when the thyroid gland is under active
What hormone that controls the function of the thyroid gland?
Thyroid stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
