The Endocrine System

Question 1

How are hormones transported around the body?

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Answer 1

Hormones are secreted by the hormone glands into the blood stream; from there they are circulated around the body affecting the different organs these organs are known as target organ

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Hormones are chemical messengers which control the internal functions of the body.

Question 3

List the three types of hormones:

Answer 3

There are three basic types of hormones:

1. Amino acids eg Thyroxin
2. Steroids eg Hydrocortisone
3. Polypeptides eg Insulin

Question 4

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 4

The brain

Question 5

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 5

The neck, situated on either side of the trachea

Question 6

Where would you find the parathyroid gland?

Answer 6

Four small glands which are situated on the posterior of the thyroid gland.

Question 7

Where would you find the pancreas?

Answer 7

The pancreas s about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach

Question 8

Where is the adrenal gland located?

Answer 8

The adrenal glands consist of two triangles shapes that lie on top of the kidney.

Question 9

Name the 2 parts of the adrenal gland

Answer 9

They are made of two parts:
A. Medulla.
B. Cortex

Question 10

Where would you find the ovaries?

Answer 10

There are two of these and they are situated below the kidneys

Question 11

Where are the testes located?

Answer 11

In the groin of a male and are contained in a sac named the scrotum.

Question 12

What system controls the endocrine system?

Answer 12

The nervous system

Question 13

How does the endocrine system link to the nervous system?

Answer 13

The hypothalamus links the endocrine system with the cerebral cortex.

Question 14

How does the hypothalamus regulate the endocrine system?

Answer 14

1. Acts as an endocrine by producing some hormones
2. Controls the adrenal medulla through the sympathetic nervous system
3. Produces regulating hormones releasing and inhibiting factors.

Question 15

List the hormones that are responsible for female puberty?

Answer 15

1. oestrogen
2. progesterone
3. hormones from the pituitary gland, the follicle stimulating and the luteinizing ones which are released, bringing about changes in the ovaries and the uterus.

Question 16

Which glands have endocrine and exocrine functions?

Answer 16

1. Pancreas
2. Ovaries
3. Testes

Question 17

What hormone is known as the pregnancy hormone?

Answer 17

Progesterone

Question 18

What happens during the menopause?

Answer 18

The menstrual cycle ceases
The ovaries become inactive
The production of oestrogen and progesterone stops.

Question 19

What hormone does the thymus produce?

Answer 19

Thymosin

Question 20

What is the action of thymosin?

Answer 20

Stimulates antibody production

Question 21

What hormone does the pineal produce?

Answer 21

Melatonin

Question 22

What is the action of melatonin?

Answer 22

It affects body rhythms and reproductive cycle

Question 23

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

Answer 23

Oestrogen and Progesterone

Question 24

What is the action of oestrogen?

Answer 24

Causes secondary sexual characteristics of female
Inhibits FSH, Para hormone
Antagonistic to androgen hormones

Question 25

What is the action of progesterone?

Answer 25

Prevents ovulation
Prepares lining of uterus for pregnancy
Maintains pregnancy

Question 26

What hormone is produced by the thyroid?

Answer 26

Thyroxin

Question 27

What is the action of thyroxin?

Answer 27

Maintains the basal metabolic rate

Question 28

What hormone is produces by the parathyroid?

Answer 28

Para hormone

Question 29

What is the action of Para hormone?

Answer 29

Controls calcium ions in the blood

Question 30

What hormones are produced by the Islets of Langerhans?

Answer 30

Insulin

Glucagon

Question 31

What is the action of insulin?

Answer 31

Stimulates storage of glucose in liver

Question 32

What is the action of glucagon?

Answer 32

Stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose

Question 33

What hormone is produced by the pituitary gland?

Answer 33

Growth hormone

Question 34

What is the action of growth hormone?

Answer 34

Development of bones, tissue, muscle and organs

Question 35

What hormones do the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces?

Answer 35

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotrophic
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Gonadotrophic hormones
Lactogenic hormones

Question 36

What is the action of 
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotrophic
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Gonadotrophic hormones
Lactogenic hormones

Answer 36

Thyroid stimulating hormone - Stimulates thyroid gland activity

Adrenocorticotrophic - Stimulates adrenal cortex gland activity

Melanocyte stimulating hormone - Stimulates density of colour in skin and hair

Gonadotrophic hormones - Stimulates sex hormones, eggs, sperm etc

Lactogenic hormones - Controls secretion of milk and maintains corpus luteum in pregnancy

Question 37

What is the functions of the thyroid gland?

Answer 37

To produce and store the hormone thyroxine.
•Stores iodine after removing it from the blood (found in the food and water of the diet).
•Exercises control over the general rate of the metabolism (BMR).
•It controls the growth of nervous tissue/mental development during infancy.
•It affects the irritability of the nervous system in adult lie, eg calm, highly-strung etc.
•It controls and regulates the growth of the body’s bone structure during childhood.
•It works in conjunction with the other endocrine glands to balance the body’s systems.
•It maintains the skin and hair’s healthy appearance and condition

Question 38

What is the condition Myxodema?

Answer 38

The condition Myxodema is when the thyroid gland is under active

Question 39

What hormone that controls the function of the thyroid gland?

Answer 39

Thyroid stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.