Muscular System Flashcards
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue
Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal
State the functions of the muscular system
Produce movement Maintain posture and position Support soft tissues Protect entrances and exits Maintain body temperature
What is smooth muscle tissue also known as?
visceral muscle
Describe the structure of smooth muscle
The cells are spindle-shaped, non-striated and involuntary (innervated by the autonomic nervous system).
Where is smooth muscle found?
It is found in the wall of hollow organs or viscera (except the heart).
Describe the structure of skeletal muscle
It is striated and voluntary (under conscious control).
The fibres are cylindrical in shape and range in length.
Where is cardiac muscle found?
The heart on;y
Describe cardiac muscle
It is striated and involuntary.
Name the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle
Epimysium (muscle fascia).
What is a fascicle?
a fascicle is a bundle of myofibrils
Name the tiny muscle fibres within a fascicle
Myofibrils
Skeletal muscles are joined to a bone by a . . . . .
tendon
What forms a tendon?
The epimysium, perimysium and endomysium extend beyond the fleshy part of the muscle to form a thick rope-like fibrous tendon
Name the flat sheet tendon
Aponeurosis.
Name the protein filaments found in myofirbrils
Actin and Myosin
What type of filaments do actin and myosim form?
Myosin form thick filaments and actin forms thin filaments.
Where would you find a sarcomere?
Myofibrils are made up of rows of sarcomeres.
What are sarcomeres?
A sarcomere is the smallest unit of skeletal muscle that can contract.
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
When is ATP used?
For muscle contractions
Where do muscles recieve stimuli from to contract?
The nervous system
What is Acetylchlorine?
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction—in other words, it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles.
When actin and myosin filaments slide over one another what happens to the muscle?
The muscle contracts
What is produced if the muscle runs out of oxygen to create a contraction?
lactic acid
How can lactic acid make the muscle feel?
Aching, weak, causes muscle fatigue
