Skeletal System Flashcards
Name the five types of bone found within the body
Sesamoid, Long, Short, Irregular, Flat
Describe a long bone
• Longer then it is wide • Growth plates at either end • Biggest bones of the body (leg bones, arm bones) • Some of the smallest bones of the body (finger bones)
Describe a short bone
• As wide as it is long • Provides stability and support • Allows for very little movement • Wrist and ankle bones
Describe a flat bone:
• Flat plates of bone • Provides protection • Do not move • Bones of the skull
Describe irregular bones:
• Have no uniform shape • Bones of the spine • Bones of the face
Describe a sesamoid bone:
• The patella is an example of this type of bone. • These bones are flat or irregular bones inside a tissue called a ligament. • Ligaments attach bone to bone
Name the different categories of joints within the body:
Synovial joints
Name the different types of synovial joints:
Hinge joints Ball-and-socket joints Pivot joints Gliding joints Condyloid joints Saddle joints Compound joints
Where would you find a hinge joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Hinge joints allow movement in one direction, as seen in the knees and elbows.
Where would you find a ball-and-socket and what type of movement does it allow?
Ball-and-socket joints allow the greatest freedom of movement. The hips and shoulders have this type of joint, in which the round end of a long bone fits into the hollow of another bone.
Where would you find a pivot joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of the head moving from side to side.
Where would you find a gliding joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Gliding joints can be found within the carpals of the wrist. They allow for gliding and sliding movements.
Where would you find a condyloid joint and what type of movement does it allow?
The wrist joint is referred to as a condyloid joint. This type of joint allows two bones to fit together when they have an odd shape.
Where would you find a compound joint?
Compound joints are found in the knee joint and are characterised by the joining of more than two bones.
Where would you find a saddle joint?
Saddle joints are found between the metacarpal and the carpal. They tend to resemble a saddle and give more flexibility than a hinge or sliding joint
Name the main functions of the skeletal system:
Bones give your body structure, let you move in many ways, protect your internal organs, store vitamins and minerals
What is the outer layer of bone named and what is its function?
The outer surface of bone is called the periosteum (pere-ee-OS-tee-um). It’s a thin, dense membrane that contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the bone.
Name the two types of tissue that forms a bone:
Compact and Cancellous/spongy bone
Where are blood cells formed?
In bone marrow. Bone marrow is a thick jelly-like substance which makes blood cells.
Name the type of bone
Long
Name the type of bone
Irregular
Name the type of bone
Flat
Name the type of bone
Short
Name the bones found in the axial skeleton.
Skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
It supports the limbs and attaches them to the rest of the body
Name the bones found in the appendicular skeleton.
The shoulder girdle, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs.
Name the long bones of the skeleton
Femur, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibular and phalanges, metatarsals, metacarpals
What bones form the shoulder girdle?
Scapulae, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius and the bones of the hand
What bones form the vertebral column?
- Cervical x 7
- Thoracic x 12
- Lumbar x 5
- Sacrum x 4
- Coccyx x 4
Describe Cancellous bone:
Spongy bone found at the end of long bones.
What bones form the thorax?
The ribs and sternum
