Skeletal System

Question 1

Name the five types of bone found within the body

Answer 1

Sesamoid, Long, Short, Irregular, Flat

Question 2

Describe a long bone

Answer 2

• Longer then it is wide • Growth plates at either end • Biggest bones of the body (leg bones, arm bones) • Some of the smallest bones of the body (finger bones)

Question 3

Describe a short bone

Answer 3

• As wide as it is long • Provides stability and support • Allows for very little movement • Wrist and ankle bones

Question 4

Describe a flat bone:

Answer 4

• Flat plates of bone • Provides protection • Do not move • Bones of the skull

Question 5

Describe irregular bones:

Answer 5

• Have no uniform shape • Bones of the spine • Bones of the face

Question 6

Describe a sesamoid bone:

Answer 6

• The patella is an example of this type of bone. • These bones are flat or irregular bones inside a tissue called a ligament. • Ligaments attach bone to bone

Question 7

Name the different categories of joints within the body:

Answer 7

Synovial joints

Question 8

Name the different types of synovial joints:

Answer 8

Hinge joints Ball-and-socket joints Pivot joints Gliding joints Condyloid joints Saddle joints Compound joints

Question 9

Where would you find a hinge joint and what type of movement does it allow?

Answer 9

Hinge joints allow movement in one direction, as seen in the knees and elbows.

Question 10

Where would you find a ball-and-socket and what type of movement does it allow?

Answer 10

Ball-and-socket joints allow the greatest freedom of movement. The hips and shoulders have this type of joint, in which the round end of a long bone fits into the hollow of another bone.

Question 11

Where would you find a pivot joint and what type of movement does it allow?

Answer 11

Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion, like that of the head moving from side to side.

Question 12

Where would you find a gliding joint and what type of movement does it allow?

Answer 12

Gliding joints can be found within the carpals of the wrist. They allow for gliding and sliding movements.

Question 13

Where would you find a condyloid joint and what type of movement does it allow?

Answer 13

The wrist joint is referred to as a condyloid joint. This type of joint allows two bones to fit together when they have an odd shape.

Question 14

Where would you find a compound joint?

Answer 14

Compound joints are found in the knee joint and are characterised by the joining of more than two bones.

Question 15

Where would you find a saddle joint?

Answer 15

Saddle joints are found between the metacarpal and the carpal. They tend to resemble a saddle and give more flexibility than a hinge or sliding joint

Question 16

Name the main functions of the skeletal system:

Answer 16

Bones give your body structure, let you move in many ways, protect your internal organs, store vitamins and minerals

Question 17

What is the outer layer of bone named and what is its function?

Answer 17

The outer surface of bone is called the periosteum (pere-ee-OS-tee-um). It’s a thin, dense membrane that contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the bone.

Question 18

Name the two types of tissue that forms a bone:

Answer 18

Compact and Cancellous/spongy bone

Question 19

Where are blood cells formed?

Answer 19

In bone marrow. Bone marrow is a thick jelly-like substance which makes blood cells.

Question 20

Name the type of bone

Answer 20

Long

Question 21

Name the type of bone

Answer 21

Irregular

Question 22

Name the type of bone

Answer 22

Flat

Question 23

Name the type of bone

Answer 23

Short

Question 25

Name the bones found in the axial skeleton.

Answer 25

Skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

Question 26

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 26

It supports the limbs and attaches them to the rest of the body

Question 27

Name the bones found in the appendicular skeleton.

Answer 27

The shoulder girdle, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs.

Question 28

Name the long bones of the skeleton

Answer 28

Femur, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibular and phalanges, metatarsals, metacarpals

Question 29

What bones form the shoulder girdle?

Answer 29

Scapulae, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius and the bones of the hand

Question 30

What bones form the vertebral column?

Answer 30

• Cervical x 7
• Thoracic x 12
• Lumbar x 5
• Sacrum x 4
• Coccyx x 4

Question 31

Describe Cancellous bone:

Answer 31

Spongy bone found at the end of long bones.

Question 32

What bones form the thorax?

Answer 32

The ribs and sternum