the nervous system Flashcards
what term describes the region where two neurone come into close contact
synapse
what is the name given to the gap between two neurone
synpatic cleft
what is the general name given to the chemical in the synaptic cleft
neurotransmitters
where in a neurone is neurotransmitters safe
cell body
describe in detail how nerve impulse travel between two neurone in close contact
impulse arrives at the axon, neurotransmitter is released and diffuses across the gap
give the names of the three types of neurone found in the human nervous system
motor, interneuron, sensory
describe one possible treatment of Parkinson disease
physiotherapy
the human nervous system is divided into two parts, name each of these parts
CNS, PNS
what is the function of an interneuron
connects to sensory and motor neurone and so carries messages within the CNS
what is the function of the sensory neurone
carries messages from the sense organ to the CNS
how is a nerve impulse conducted along a neurone
movement of ions
give one possible cause of Parkinson disease
the brain reducing the normal amount of dopamine that it makes
give one function of the cerebrum
controls involuntary, automatic responses - movement
give on function of the medulla oblongata
controls processes that were have leaden to do automatically - heartbeat
give one function the cerebellum
balance
what is the name given to neurone that carry impulses only within the CNS
interneuron
name the type of neurone that carries impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands
motor neurone
name the tissue that covers and protects the spinal cord
meninges
what is a reflex action
a quick, automatic response to a particular stimulus
give one example of a reflex action in the human body
breathing
give one advantage of a reflex action
saves the body from injury
describe in detail how a reflex action works
-stimulus detected by receptor
-a message has been carried by a sensory neurone from pain receptors in skin to spinal chord
-in the spinal chord the message is passed onto an interneuron and then to a motor neurone
give two ways in which a nervous response differs from a hormonal response
nervous response is fast
hormonal response is slow
name the substance produced by the Schwann cell
myelin sheath
what is the function of the myelin sheath
insulates the neurone from electrical impulses flowing in other neurons
why is grey matter so called
contains cell bodies
why is white matter so called
contains axons
what is meant by the term endocrine
secrets directly into blood
name a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
ADH
give a function of this hormone in the human body
causes water to be reabsorbed in the kidneys
name on gland in the human body that has both endocrine and exocrine function
kidney
outline the role of dendrites
carry impulses towards the cell body
outline the role of the axon
conducts impulses from the cell bodyo
outline the role of the cell body
produces neurotransmitters
explain the importance of the myelin sheath in the transmission of a nerve impulse
speeds up transmission of nerve impulse
state two features that show how the named structure is adapted to carry our the named function - a neurone for transmitting impulese
axon, dendrites
how many layers are present in the meninges
three
outline the mechanism of a refelx action
message has ben carried by a sensory neurone from pain receptors in the skin to spinal chord
