human reproduction

Question 1

what is meant by the term secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 1

characteristics that develop at puberty

Question 2

give two examples of secondary sexual characteristics present in males

Answer 2

deepening of voice
growth of body hair

Question 4

give a function of the epididymis

Answer 4

matures and stores sperm

Question 5

how may chromosome are found in the nucleus of a typical human sperm cell

Answer 5

23

Question 6

suggest one possible cause of male infertility

Answer 6

low sperm count

Question 7

how long is the typical menstrual cycle in a human female

Answer 7

28-31 days

Question 8

describe one effect on the female reproductive system of the low level software oestrogen and progesterone

Answer 8

menstruation

Question 9

why does oestrogen levels increase after approximately 5 days

Answer 9

follicle secretes moe oestrogen

Question 10

what event occurs around day 14 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 10

ovulation

Question 11

ovulation is causes by a surge in a hormone released from the pituitary, name this hormone

Answer 11

LH

Question 12

explain why progesterone levels increase in the days after day 14

Answer 12

corpus luteum secretes progesterone

Question 13

name a hormone involved in sperm production

Answer 13

testosterone

Question 14

explain the importance of meiosis in the production of sperm

Answer 14

to proudce haploid cells

Question 15

give one corrective measure for the cause of male infertility

Answer 15

in vitro fertilisation

Question 16

give two roles of the placenta

Answer 16

production of hormones
prevent bloods from mixing

Question 17

give an outline description of the birth process, including the role of hormones

Answer 17

-change in hormone levels causes contractions
-water breaks
-cervix dilates
deliver- head of the baby is forced out through the vagina
-afterbirth of the placenta
-umbilical cord is cut

Question 18

state one method of birth control

Answer 18

contraceptive pill

Question 19

name the hormone responsible for milk production

Answer 19

prolactin

Question 20

state two biological benefits of breastfeeding

Answer 20

transfer of antibodies fro mothers to baby, balanced diet for baby

Question 21

name two tissues involved in the formation of the placenta

Answer 21

uterine
embryonic

Question 22

describe the difference between the male and female type of gametes - relative numbers of each produced

Answer 22

male - a high number of sperm
female - a low number of eggs

Question 23

describe the difference between the male and female type of gametes - frequent of production of gametes

Answer 23

male-continuously
female - monthly

Question 24

describe the difference between the male and female type of gametes - relative size

Answer 24

male - small
female - large

Question 25

what is the role of the menstrual cycle

Answer 25

to prepare for pregnancy

Question 26

name the event that occurs between days1-5 of the cycle

Answer 26

menstruation

Question 27

mesntraution is triggered by a large drop in a certain hormone,name the hormone

Answer 27

progesterone

Question 28

name the structure that the Graafian follicle develops into after day 14

Answer 28

corpus luteum

Question 29

give an example of a natural contraception method

Answer 29

rhythm method

Question 30

give an example of a mechanical contraception method

Answer 30

condom

Question 31

give an example of a chemical contraception method

Answer 31

contraceptive pill

Question 32

give an example of a surgical contraception method

Answer 32

vasectomy

Question 33

what is meant by the term implantation

Answer 33

the embedding of the blastocyst in the endometrium

Question 34

name, in the correct order, the developmental stages from e fertilised egg to implantation

Answer 34

-morula -blastocyst

Question 35

outline what happens to the level of the hormone progesterone in the blood after implantation

Answer 35

increases

Question 36

outline what happens in the endometrium after implantation

Answer 36

is maintained

Question 37

embryo cells organise into three germ layers, name each of these layers

Answer 37

ectoderm, endotherm, mesoderm

Question 38

explain the term in vitro fetilisation

Answer 38

gamets fuse outside the body

Question 39

suggest a reason for the removal of several eggs

Answer 39

to increase of successful implantation

Question 40

identify the germ layer from which the skin of the developing embryos arises

Answer 40

ectoderm

Question 41

from which tissues does the placenta form

Answer 41

endometrium

Question 42

give two reasons why mixing blood must not occur

Answer 42

blood pressure difference prevent transfer of certain infections

Question 43

state one change that occurs and the approximate days of the cycle on which it occurs in th endometrium

Answer 43

breaks down days 1-5

Question 44

state one change that occurs and the approximate days of the cycle on which it occurs in the ovary

Answer 44

follicle matures days 1- 14

Question 45

where are the hormones FSH and LH produced

Answer 45

pituitary gland

Question 46

state one role of FSH

Answer 46

stimulates secretion fo oestrogen

Question 47

state one role of LH

Answer 47

stimulate ovulation

Question 48

state two other hormones that play a role in the cycle

Answer 48

oestrogen, progesterone

Question 49

give a function of oestrogen in the cycle

Answer 49

inhibits the FSH

Question 50

give a function of progesterone in the cycle

Answer 50

inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH

Question 51

suggest a reason why a sperm cell needs so many mitochondria

Answer 51

needed for swimming to the egg

Question 52

mitochondria are inherited exclusively from the mother, suggest why this is the case

Answer 52

only the head enters the egg

Question 53

state the survival time of the egg and the sperm in the female body

Answer 53

egg-12-48 hours sperm-0-7 days