dna and rna Flashcards
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
two purine containing bases on DNA
adenine
guanine
two pyrimide containing bases on DNA
thymine
cytosine
name one organelle is eukaryotic cells, which contains DNA
chloroplast
name the base present in RNA that is not present in DNA
uracil
name two types of RNA involved in protein synthesis
tRNA, mRNA
state the type of bonding that holds complementary bases together in a DNA molecule
hydrogen
how many nitrogenous bases are in codon
3
describe the shape of a DNA molecule
double helix
give one difference between coding and non coding DNA
coding DNA has a template for a protein
non coding DNA has no template for a protein
chopping or making a paste of the plant tissue
breaks down cell walls and membrane
adding a detergent to the chopped tissue
disturbs cell membrane
adding salt to the chopped tissue
to cause the DNA to clump together
filtering the mixture
removes cell debris
adding ethanol
DNA is insoluble in ethanol
describe the appearance of the DNA isolated in this investigation
white, cloudy thread like material
name the two chemical components that make up chromosomes
protein
dna
state one structural difference between DNA and RNA
DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil
explain DNA profiling
using a persons DNA ro create a unique pattern for analysis
explain genetic screening
the testing of DNA for the presence or absence of an altered gene
explain each of the stages 1 - 4 of DNA profiling
- DNA released from cells
- DNA cut into fragments using enzymes
- DNA fragments separated on basis of size
- Creation of pattern for analysis
give any two applications of DNA profiling
forensics - hair
medical - paternity test
name the sugar present in DNA
deoxyribose
where does transcription occur in animal and plant cells
nucleus
where precisely in the cell does translation occur
ribosome
name the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
describe the vents that occur during translation, leading to the formation of a functional protein
mRNA attaches to the ribosome
tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome
tRNA binds to mRNA
sequence of amino acids assembles
name the biological active entities, each of which contains only one type of nucleic acid
viruses
name two locations in eukaryotic cells where RNA but no DNA is found
cytosol
ribosome
describe the roles of mRNA
messenger RNA - carries DNA’s code in a correct sequence from the nucleus to the ribosome
describe the role of rRNA
ribosomal RNA - holds mRNA in place on the ribosome
describe the role of tRNA
transfer RNA - carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome
