dna and rna

Question 1

what does DNA stand for

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

two purine containing bases on DNA

Answer 2

adenine
guanine

Question 3

two pyrimide containing bases on DNA

Answer 3

thymine
cytosine

Question 4

name one organelle is eukaryotic cells, which contains DNA

Answer 4

chloroplast

Question 5

name the base present in RNA that is not present in DNA

Answer 5

uracil

Question 6

name two types of RNA involved in protein synthesis

Answer 6

tRNA, mRNA

Question 7

state the type of bonding that holds complementary bases together in a DNA molecule

Answer 7

hydrogen

Question 8

how many nitrogenous bases are in codon

Answer 8

3

Question 9

describe the shape of a DNA molecule

Answer 9

double helix

Question 10

give one difference between coding and non coding DNA

Answer 10

coding DNA has a template for a protein
non coding DNA has no template for a protein

Question 11

chopping or making a paste of the plant tissue

Answer 11

breaks down cell walls and membrane

Question 12

adding a detergent to the chopped tissue

Answer 12

disturbs cell membrane

Question 13

adding salt to the chopped tissue

Answer 13

to cause the DNA to clump together

Question 14

filtering the mixture

Answer 14

removes cell debris

Question 15

adding ethanol

Answer 15

DNA is insoluble in ethanol

Question 16

describe the appearance of the DNA isolated in this investigation

Answer 16

white, cloudy thread like material

Question 17

name the two chemical components that make up chromosomes

Answer 17

protein
dna

Question 18

state one structural difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 18

DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil

Question 19

explain DNA profiling

Answer 19

using a persons DNA ro create a unique pattern for analysis

Question 20

explain genetic screening

Answer 20

the testing of DNA for the presence or absence of an altered gene

Question 21

explain each of the stages 1 - 4 of DNA profiling

Answer 21

1. DNA released from cells
2. DNA cut into fragments using enzymes
3. DNA fragments separated on basis of size
4. Creation of pattern for analysis

Question 22

give any two applications of DNA profiling

Answer 22

forensics - hair
medical - paternity test

Question 23

name the sugar present in DNA

Answer 23

deoxyribose

Question 24

where does transcription occur in animal and plant cells

Answer 24

nucleus

Question 25

where precisely in the cell does translation occur

Answer 25

ribosome

Question 26

name the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis

Answer 26

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 27

describe the vents that occur during translation, leading to the formation of a functional protein

Answer 27

mRNA attaches to the ribosome
tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome
tRNA binds to mRNA
sequence of amino acids assembles

Question 28

name the biological active entities, each of which contains only one type of nucleic acid

Answer 28

viruses

Question 29

name two locations in eukaryotic cells where RNA but no DNA is found

Answer 29

cytosol
ribosome

Question 30

describe the roles of mRNA

Answer 30

messenger RNA - carries DNA’s code in a correct sequence from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 31

describe the role of rRNA

Answer 31

ribosomal RNA - holds mRNA in place on the ribosome

Question 32

describe the role of tRNA

Answer 32

transfer RNA - carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome