monera Flashcards
what term describes how bacteria reproduce asexually
binary fission
give two factor that affects the growth of bacteria
temperature, pH
name any one harmful bacteria
streptococcus
name the three types of shapes of bacteria
-rod
-spherical
-spiral
describe in detail the steps invloved in bacterial asexual reproduction
-diagram
-dna fully replicates the cell elongates chromosomes separate
-the cell wall grows to divide into two cells
-two identical daughter cells form
explain the term pathogenic
disease causing
give one example of beneficial bacteria
lactobacillus
what is meant by the term autotrophic
make food by themselves
explain why photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction
photosynthesis requires input of energy
describe the main events of endospore formation
-unfavourable conditions: DNA and plasmid replicated
-endospore is former around replicated DNA
-endospore is released following bacterial death
-favourable conditions
give two examples of harmful bacteria
streptococcus, staphlococcus
what is an antibiotic
chemical produced by micro organsims to kill another micro organism
state one possible reason why antibiotic resistance has arisen in bacteria
overuse
how does temperature affect growth of microorganisms
optimum 20C and 30C - slow growth
how does pH affect growth of micro-organism
unsituiable pH = enzyme denatured, ideal pH 7
explain the term batch
organisms go through all stages of the growth curve
explain the term continuous flow
organisms maintained at the log stage of growth
name each of the stages of the growth curve in order
-lag phase
-log phase
-stationary phase
-death phase
-survival phase
explain the term antibiotic resistant
bacteria are not affected by antibiotics
explain batch food processing
-carried out in bioreactor
-certain amount of microorganims
-organisms go through all phases of the growth curve
give one examplee of a beneficial effect on bacteria
decomposition
give one example of a harmful effect of bacteria
food decay
explain why overuse of antibiotics is potentially dangerous
development of resistant bacteria
how do certain bacteria survive when environmental conditions become unfavourable
form an endospore
give a detailed explanation - antibiotics should not be prescribed to directly treat inflenza
antibiotics are not effects against viruses(influenza)
explain the term saprophyte
feed on dead sources
explain the term heterotroph
take in food from other organisms
explain the term asepsis
free of pathogens
explain the term bioprocessing
using microorganisms to form products
explain the term bioreactor
vessel in which bioprocessing occurs
explain th term sterility
free of organisms
under what circumstances does a bacterial cell form an endospore
harsh conditions
name two types of heterotrophic nutrition used by bacteria
saprophytic, parasitic
explain the term antibodies
produced by white blood cells
explain the term active immunity
antibodies produced in the body
explain the term passive immunity
antibodies given