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Anatomy and Physiology1 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the functions of the nervous system?

A

control and communication

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2
Q

3 basic functions?

A
  1. sensing change, 2. interpreting and remembering change 3. reacting to change
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3
Q

what composes the central nervous system?

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

what composes peripheral nervous system?

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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5
Q

functional division of the peripheral nervous system?

A

somatic, autonomic and enteric

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6
Q

what is somatic nervous system?

A

sensory neurons from somatic receptors to CNS and Motor neurons form CNS to muscle tissue

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7
Q

what is autonomic nervous system?

A

sensory from visceral organs to CNS, motor neurons to smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle and glands; sympathetic (fight), parasympathetic (stop)

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8
Q

what is enteric nervous system?

A

network of sensory and motor neurons in wall of GI tract

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9
Q

the cell body of a neuron contains?

A

nucleun, cytoplasm, nissl body, neurofilament, microtubules, lipofuscin pigment granules

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10
Q

dendrites contain?

A

nissl body, neurofibrils

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11
Q

axon contain?

A

mitochondria, micotubules, neurofibrils

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12
Q

axon begins at?

A

axon hillock

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13
Q

structural classification of neurons?

A

multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

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14
Q

what is multipolar neuron?

A

one axon many dendrites

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15
Q

what is bipolar neuron?

A

one axon, one main dendrite

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16
Q

what is unipolar?

A

one process, always sensory

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17
Q

what are association neurons?

A

based on how they look or who described thenm first

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18
Q

what are neuroglia?

A

supportive, protective, “nerve glue”, smaller than neurons 50%, half the volume in CNS, capable of mitosis

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19
Q

glia in CNS?

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

20
Q

glia in PNS?

A

schwann cell and satellite cells

21
Q

what is astrocytes?

A

star-shaped, covers capillary, anchors neuron to capillary, metabolizes neurotransmitter, regulates Ca++ and K+, half neural tissue

22
Q

oilgodendrocytes?

A

forms myelin sheath

23
Q

ependymal?

A

forms membrane of epithelial tissue, produces CSF

24
Q

microglia?

A

macrophages (WBC), clean up dead neurons

25
Q

satellite cells?

A

support ganglia

26
Q

schwann cells?

A

myelin sheath on axon

27
Q

grey matter =

A

unmyelinated cell body

28
Q

white matter =

A

myelinated axons

29
Q

what are the electrical signals in neurons?

A

action potentials and local graded potentials

30
Q

membrane ion channels in neurons?

A

active (gated) channels and passive (leakage) channel

31
Q

what is active (gated) channels?

A

can be open/closed 1. voltage-gated 2. ligand-gated 3. mechanically-gated

32
Q

what is leakage channel?

A

opens randomly, more K+ inside and Na++ outside

33
Q

what is hyperpolarization

A

more negative then resting potential of -70 mv

34
Q

what is depolarization?

A

membrane potential more positive

35
Q

what occurs in the resting state?

A

Na+ channel closed and K+ channel closed, inactivation gate open activation gate closed

36
Q

what occurs in depolarization phase?

A

Na+ channel activation gates open Na+ rushing into cell

37
Q

what occurs in repolarization phase?

A

voltage gate K+ channel opens, Na+ channel inactivation gate closes, K+ leaves cell

38
Q

what occurs in repolarization continue phase?

A

Na+ channel reset; inactivation gate reopens, K+ channel closed

39
Q

what is propagated action potential?

A

the chances of Na+ travelling along axon and creating another action potential

40
Q

type of propagations?

A

continuous conduction, saltatory conduction

41
Q

what is continuous conduction?

A

slow occurs in unmyelinated fibers, one by one

42
Q

what is saltatory conduction?

A

occurs in myelinated fibers, faster

43
Q

Action potentials travel faster along?

A

larger diameter axons and myelinated axons

44
Q

A fibers are largest

A

myelinated somatic sensory fibers, motor fibers

45
Q

B fibers are medium

A

myelinated visceral sensory fibers, autonomic preganglionic fibers

46
Q

C fibers are smallest

A

unmyelinated sensory fibers

Anatomy and Physiology1 (15 decks)

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