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Anatomy and Physiology1 > sensory, motor and integrative systems > Flashcards

sensory, motor and integrative systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between sensation and perception?

A

sensation - conscious and unconscious awareness of any stimuli and perception is conscious awareness of interpretation of the meaning of the sensation

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2
Q

sensory modalities are?

A

each receptor responds to only one kind of stimuli

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3
Q

general senses include?

A

touch, vibration, temperature, pain

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4
Q

proprioceptors are located in?

A

muscles and joints

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5
Q

specialized senses include?

A

taste, smell, vision, hearing, light, equilibrium

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6
Q

receptors of specialized organs responds to..

A

specific stimuli and are located in head

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7
Q

what are the structures of general receptors?

A

free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings, separate sensory cells

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8
Q

what is free nerve ending?

A

bare dendrites - light touch, tickle, pain, temperature, itch

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9
Q

what are encapsulated nerve endings?

A

dendrites enclosed in connective tissue - pressure, deep touch, vibration

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10
Q

what is separate sensory cells?

A

specialized cells that respond to stimuli - vision, taste, hearing, balance (involves 2 separate cells)

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11
Q

what are the classification of general receptors by location?

A

exteroreceptor, interoreceptor, proprioceptors

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12
Q

exteroreceptors is?

A

near surface, receives external stimuli; hearing, vision, touch, taste etc.

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13
Q

interoreceptor is?

A

monitor internal environment usually unconscious unless pain or pressure

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14
Q

proprioceptors is?

A

in muscles, tendons, joint and inner ear; senses body’s position and movement

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15
Q

what are the classification of general receptors by the nature of stimulus detected?

A

mechanoreceptors (pressure/touch), thermorecptors (temperature), Nociceptors (tissue damage), photoreceptors (light/vision), chemoreceptors (specific molecules; taste, smell, ph change

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16
Q

what is sensory adaptation?

A

less sensory to sustained stimulation

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17
Q

smell, pressure touch adaptation is?

A

fast

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18
Q

pain, body position adaptation is?

A

slow

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19
Q

what are the somatic tactile sensations?

A
  1. touch 2. pressure 3. vibration 4. itch 5. tickle
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20
Q

what is touch tactile sensations?

A

crude touch, discriminative touch

21
Q

what is pressure tactile sensations?

A

sustained sensation over a large area

22
Q

what is vibration tactile sensations?

A

rapid, repetitive sensory signal

23
Q

what is itch tactile sensations?

A

chemical irritation of free nerve endings

24
Q

what is tickle tactile sensations?

A

stimulation of free nerve endings

25
Q

what is the temperature of cold receptors?

A

10 - 40

26
Q

what is the temperature of warm receptors?

A

32 - 48

27
Q

what is nociceptors?

A

pain receptors, free nerve endings in all tissue except for brain

28
Q

what are the types of pain?

A

chronic (slow-superficial and deep tissue) and acute (fast-supervisial only)

29
Q

what are the locations of pain?

A
  1. superficial somatic pain(skin) 2. deep somatic pain (muscles, joint, tendons) 3. visceral pain (visceral organs)
30
Q

what are joint receptors?

A

raffini - pressure, pacinian - vibration

31
Q

what are the sensory pathways?

A

first order sensory neuron, second order sensory neuron, third order sensory neuron

32
Q

what is the first order sensory neuron responsible for?

A

receiving info from peripheral skin, joints, muscle and spinal cord, cell bodies in DRG -> brings in info into CNS

33
Q

what is the second order sensory neuron responsible for?

A

cell body in grey matter horn of spinal cord, carries into to thalamus

34
Q

what is the third order sensory neuron responsible for?

A

cell body in thalamus, carries into to primary sensory area

35
Q

where does the posterior column sensory pathway cross and go?

A

!. gets info from peripheral (skin, muscle, joint) brings into CNS 2. second order neuron crosses in medulla before travelling ipsilaterally to thalamus

36
Q

what are the two types of spinothalamus sensory tract pathway?

A
  1. lateral 2. anterior
37
Q

what is significant about lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

in lateral funiculus - pain, temperature

38
Q

what is significant about anterior spinothalamic tract?

A

in anterior funiculus - crude touch, itch, tickle, bowel/bladder fullness, sexual sensation

39
Q

what are neurons called in the sensory pathway?

A

order neurons

40
Q

what are neurons called in the motor pathways?

A

upper/lower motor neurons

41
Q

what are upper motor neurons?

A

located in brain, cell bodies in brain in primary motor cortex extends to venral horn to LOWER MOTOR NEURONs

42
Q

what are lower motor neurons?

A

they are peripheral neurons with cell bodies in ventral horn, which extends to effectors

43
Q

if motor tract does not call in medulla it is called?

A

anterior corticospinal tract 10% - neck and trunk movement (ipsilaterally)

44
Q

if motor tract crosses in medulla it is called?

A

lateral corticospinal tract 90% - precise, skill movement (contralaterally)

45
Q

spastic paralysis is when…

A

there is damage in UMN, increases muscle tone, reflex still in tack , no voluntary movement - decreased muscle tone

46
Q

flaccid paralysis is when..

A

there is damage in LMN, no voluntary movement or reflexes

47
Q

damage to basal nuclei brings…

A

tremors, twitching

48
Q

cerebellum monitors what type o movement?

A

intentional movement - what the brain wants the body to do and compares what the body is actually doing = sends corrective signals to motor cortex

Anatomy and Physiology1 (15 decks)

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