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Anatomy and Physiology1 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general function of this system?

A

appearance, protection, temperature regulation, water conservation, synthesis (vitamin D), sensory reception

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2
Q

how thick, weight and large is this system?

A

2 sq meters, 1-2mm thick, 10lbs

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3
Q

what are the major layers?

A

epidermis (epithelial tissue) and dermis (connective tissue, nerve and muscle)

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4
Q

what is the hypodermis called?

A

subcutaneous tissue

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5
Q

what is the subcutaneous tissue composed of?

A

adipose, and areolar tissue

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6
Q

what are the different cell types that make up the epidermis?

A

keratinocyte, melanocyte, merkel cell, langerhans cell

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7
Q

what does keratinocyte do?

A

produce keratin and lamellar granules

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8
Q

what is keratin?

A

tough protein (build more and more protein through lifecycle)

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9
Q

what is lamellar granules?

A

secrete lipid rich material, which waterproofs

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10
Q

what does melanocytes do?

A

produce melanin (brown pigment)

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11
Q

what does langerhans cell do?

A

involved in immune response, comes from red bone marrow

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12
Q

what does Merkel cells do?

A

sensation on touch, in deepest later of epidermis

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13
Q

what are the epidermis cell layers?

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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14
Q

what is the stratum basale also called?

A

stratum germinativum

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15
Q

what is the most important layer and why?

A

stratum basale because it is closest to the blood supply, gets nutrients and oxygen from connective tissue

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16
Q

what does germinativum mean?

A

cell division

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17
Q

what happens in the stratum basale?

A

mix of merkel cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes, stem cells that divid rapidly

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18
Q

characteristics of stratum spinosum?

A

polyhedral cells with spiny projections that bind cells together

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19
Q

how thick is the stratum spinosum layer?

A

8-10 cells thick

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20
Q

what does stratum spinosum do?

A

gives strength and flexibility to skin, take in melanin from melanocytes

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21
Q

how does stratum spinosum get melanin from melanocytes?

A

by phagocytosis

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22
Q

how thick is the stratum granulosum layer?

A

3-5 cells thick

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23
Q

what is stratum granulosum composed of?

A

dying, flattened keratinocytes undergoing poptosis

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24
Q

what does stratum granulosum composed of?

A

dark staining keratinohyalin granules and lamellar granules

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25
Q

why is stratum granulosum important?

A

because it protects other layers

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26
Q

what is unique about stratum lucidum?

A

seen only in thick skin of palms of hands of soles of feet

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27
Q

how thick is the stratum lucidum?

A

3-5 layers of clear, dead, flat keratinocytes

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28
Q

what is stratum lucidum composed of?

A

large amount of keratin, and thickend plasma membranes

29
Q

how thick is the stratum corneum?

A

25-30 layers thick

30
Q

what is stratum corneum composed of?

A

flat, dead cells filled with keratin surrounded by lipids

31
Q

what are the characteristics of stratum corneum?

A

continuously sheds, protects underlying tissues from light, heat, water, chemicals, bacteria

32
Q

describe the keratinization and growth of epidermis

A

stems cells divide - keratinocytes fill with keratin - contents within cells starts to break down

33
Q

how long does thekeratinization and growth of epidermis take?

A

4 weeks

34
Q

what is the keratinization and growth of epidermis accelerated by?

A

EGF - epidermal growth factor

35
Q

what protects keratinocytes?

A

melanocyte ( protects against mutation= cancer)

36
Q

what is melanocytes stimulated by?

A

uv light, hormones(ACTH)

37
Q

what does melanocytes do?

A

inject the protein melanin into surrounding epidermal calls

38
Q

what is skin colour determined by?

A

genetics - abundance of melanocytes, colour of melanin, ability to break down melanin

39
Q

what is skin colour affected by?

A

exposure to uv light, blood flow to skin, blood oxygen saturation, presence of abnormal pigment

40
Q

what is the dermis composed of?

A

collagen, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, connective tissue, macrophages, fat cells, hair follicles, glands, nerves, blood vessle

41
Q

what are the regions of the dermis?

A

papillary, reticular

42
Q

what is the papillary composed of?

A

loose connective tissue, elastic fibers

43
Q

what is the top layer of the dermis composed of?

A

dermal papillae (finger-like)

44
Q

what does the papillae do?

A

feeds with capillaries and anchors to epidermis

45
Q

what is the reticular layer of the dermis composed of?

A

dense irregular connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers

46
Q

what accessories are found in the dermis?

A

epidermal derivatives, hair, sweat glands, oil glands, nails

47
Q

tell me about the hair shaft?

A

distributed over most of skin to provide limited protection

48
Q

what are the parts of the hair?

A

hair shaft, hair bulb, hair follicle

49
Q

what is connected to the hair shaft?

A

arrector pili (piloerector) muscle

50
Q

what does the arrector pili muscle do?

A

pulls hair upright

51
Q

what does the hair bulb do?

A

secretes protein and sheds cells

52
Q

what does the hair follicle do?

A

protects from dermis

53
Q

what is the hair follicle?

A

tubular epithelial sheath

54
Q

what is the sensory receptors responsible for feeling?

A

touch, pain, temperature and pressure

55
Q

what are the glands found in the dermis?

A

sebaceous (oil), sudiferous (sweat), ceruminous (wax), mammary (milk)

56
Q

what does sebaceous glands do?

A

secrete sebum into hair shaft

57
Q

what is sebum a combination of?

A

cholestreol, protein, fats and salts

58
Q

what is sudiferous glands composed of?

A

eccrine glands and apocrine glands

59
Q

what does eccrine glands do?

A

regulate body temperature

60
Q

where is eccrine glands located?

A

most areas of skin

61
Q

where is apocrine glands located?

A

armpit and pubic region

62
Q

what does ceruminous glands do?

A

secrete cerumin

63
Q

what does cerumin do?

A

helps forms barrier against foreign material

64
Q

what are nails?

A

tightly packed dead keratinized cells

65
Q

why is nail body pink?

A

due to capillaries

66
Q

what is a cuticle?

A

stratum corneum

67
Q

what is eponychium

A

cuticle

68
Q

what is the lunula?

A

white area of nail body

69
Q

why does the lunula look white?

A

thickened stratum basale

Anatomy and Physiology1 (15 decks)

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