Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology1 > The brain and cranial nerves > Flashcards

The brain and cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what is the brain important for?

A

emotions, memory, decision making, movement, sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the brain communicates via

A

spinal cord and 12 pr. of cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the main parts of the brain?

A
  1. cerebellum 2. cerebrum 3. brainstem 4. diecephalon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the ventricles of the brain and its location

A

lateral ventricles (one in each cerebral hemisphere) third ventricle (medial to thalamus) fourth ventricle (between brain stem and cerebellum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

blood supply to brain branches from?

A

circle of willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how much % of body weight is the brain?

A

2% and consumes 20% of oxygen and glucose blood flow to brain higher during neural activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the protective coverings of the brain

A
  1. bone 2. CSF 3. meninges 4. dural partitions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are dural partitions?

A

extensions of dura in deel fissures of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the names of dural partitions in brian?

A

falx cerebri, falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is blood-brain barrier?

A

brain capillary endothelial cells joined by tight junctions, continuous membrane, processes of astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

A

prevent toxins and pathogens from getting to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can cross BBB?

A

anesthetic, alcohol and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what cannot cross BBB?

A

proteins, antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is CSF?

A

colourless clear liquid that floats the brain and slows down movement, 80-150ml fills ventricles and surrounds CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the purpose of CSF?

A

protect brain, spin, transport nutrients and metabolic waste, provides stable chemical environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the origin of CSF?

A

secreted from choroid plexuses, which are capillaries in ventricle walls that are covered by ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the flow of CSF?

A

choroid plexuses - lateral ventricles - inter-ventricular foramen - third ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - fourth ventricle - sub arachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how is the CSF reabsorbed?

A

dural veneous sinus - arachnoid villi - sagittal sinus - transverse sinus - Jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the medulla oblongata?

A

continuation of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the medulla oblongata contain?

A

ascending and descending tracts, pathways to and from cerebellum and nuclei of 5 spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the medulla oblongata vital centre for?

A

cardiac center (force/rate of heart beat), vasomotor center (blood pressure), respiratory center (rate/depth of breathing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the medulla oblongata also the center for?

A

coughing, sneezing, vomitting, swallowing, sweating, hiccuping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is Pons?

A

bridge between midbrain and medulla, Cranial Nerve 5-7 come from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is Pons responsible for?

A

controlling patterns of breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where is the midbrain located?

A

between Pons and diencephalon, cranial nerve 3 and 4 come from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the midbrain responsible for>?

A

co-ordination of muscle movement, visual and auditory reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the reticular formation?

A

diffused network of neurons in brain stem that helps regulate muscle tones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is RAS and what does it do?

A

Reticular Activation System = regulates levels of consciuosness=== filters sensory info except for smell before it goes to thalamus, can be turned off and on by cerebrum. turned off at night to cut off from world only auditory info in and is decided if important or not by cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

automatic process center, compares motor commands with proprioceptors, maintains posture, muscle tone and balance, processes smooth, co-ordinated movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is cerebellum peduncles?

A

attached cerebellum to brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the parts of cerebellum peduncles?

A

superior cerebellum peduncles, middle cerebellum peduncles, inferior cerebellum peduncles

32
Q

what is superior cerebellum peduncles responsible for?

A

involuntary movement to midbrain

33
Q

what is middle cerebellum peduncles responsible for?

A

voluntary movement to pons

34
Q

what is inferior cerebellum peduncles responsible for?

A

balance sensory info from midbrain

35
Q

diencephalon contains…

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

36
Q

significance about thalamus

A

forms lateral walls of ventricles, relays all sensory info except smell

37
Q

where does thalamus get info from?

A

brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum and basal nuclei

38
Q

significance about hypothalamus

A

controls ANS, endocrine system and homeostasis

39
Q

what does the hypothalamus control?

A

food intake, sexual responses, emotions (agression, rage, pain pleasure), sleep patterns, water and electrolyte balance, body temperature, heart rate, hormone secretion, sexual responses

40
Q

folds on bain called?

A

gyrus

41
Q

shallow grooves of brain called?

A

sulcus

42
Q

deep grooves of brain called?

A

fissures

43
Q

the division of the 2 hemispheres is called?

A

longitudinal fissure

44
Q

what is at the end of lateral fissure?

A

INSULA

45
Q

what is corpus callosum?

A

bundle of white matter connecting the 2 hemispheres

46
Q

what is basal nuclei?

A

bundle of grey matter in cerebrum

47
Q

what are the 3 cerebral tracts?

A

commissural, projection, association cerebral nuclei, limbic system

48
Q

what is commissural tract?

A

connection between hemispheres

49
Q

what is projection tract?

A

afferent fibers up to cerebral cortex or efferent fibers down from cerebral cortex

50
Q

what is association tract?

A

connection of regions within a single hemisphere

51
Q

what is cerebral nuclei?

A

input from entire cerebral cortex, regulates muscle tone , involved in automatic movement and cognition (thought)

52
Q

what is the limbic system composed of?

A

amygdala and hippocampus

53
Q

what is the limbic system?

A

controls emotional aspect of behaviour, links conscious intellect from cerebrum with unconscious automatic functions of midbrain

54
Q

limbic system is involved with?

A

memory storage and recall

55
Q

what is the primary motor area?

A

pre-central gyrus, controls voluntary motor movement of skeletal muscles; somatotopically organized

56
Q

what does somatotopically organization mean?

A

each area of cerebral cortex corresponds to a specific area of the body

57
Q

what is the distribution of the somatotopical organization of primary motor area?

A

amount of cortex is devoted to body parts that are proportionate to precise motor control = more to hands and face than to legs, arm, torso

58
Q

what is the premotor area significant for?

A

learned, repetitive motor skills eg. driving car or signing name

59
Q

what is the Broca’s area?

A

frontal lobe near lateral sulcus mostly in left hemisphere, controls motors used in speech

60
Q

pre frontal area is located

A

most anterior area in frontal lobe

61
Q

prefrontal area is responsible for?

A

intellect, personality, conscious, abstract ideas, motivation, planning, goals, abstract ideas, judgement

62
Q

where is olfactory area and what is it significant for?

A

medial temporal, inferior to frontal lobe, input from olfactory receptors, sensory area of brain

63
Q

what is the primary sensory area?

A

area of brain where sensory info from skin and muscles proprioception is inputted located post central gyrus in parietal lobe

64
Q

what is the distribution of the sensory function?

A

area proportional to sensitivity; somatotopically organized

65
Q

where is the somatosensory association area and what is it significant for?

A

post primary sensory area, interpreting sensory info from past experiences

66
Q

what is the gustatory area and where is it located?

A

tongue area of somatosensory cortex, receives sensory input from taste buds

67
Q

what is primary auditory area?

A

receives impulses from ear, hearing

68
Q

what is the auditory association area?

A

interprets auditory info; determines if noise, speech or music

69
Q

what is Wernicke’s area?

A

usually in left hemisphere, where language both written and spoken is understood

70
Q

what is language association area?

A

verbal expression of emotion (tone), detection of emotion in speech

71
Q

when language goes wrong it is called

A

aphasia

72
Q

non-fluent aphasia is?

A

when you know what you want to say but you cannot form the words - brocas

73
Q

fluent aphasia is?

A

when you can speak but connections dont make sense - wernickes

74
Q

primary visual area?

A

impulses from eye

75
Q

visual association area?

A

adjacent primary visual area, interprets visual input

76
Q

what hemispheric lateralization?

A

inequality in hemisphere; 90% of pop, left dominates = math, reasoning, language

Anatomy and Physiology1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions