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Anatomy and Physiology1 > Homeostasis; Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Homeostasis; Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

homeonestais of ____ depends on homeostasis of the body fluids and ________

A

cells, electrolytes

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2
Q

what is water fluids?

A

all water and dissolved substances in the body fluid compartment

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3
Q

what percentage of the body is water?

A

60%

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4
Q

mechanisms of fluids are regulated by?

A

total volume, distribution, concentration of solutes, and pH

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5
Q

what percentage of fluids are in females?

A

55%

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6
Q

what percentage of fluids are in males?

A

60%

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7
Q

what percentage of solids are in females?

A

45%

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8
Q

what percentage of solids are in males?

A

40%

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9
Q

where are the largest amount of fluids located in the body?

A

inside cells (cytoplasm)

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10
Q

what are the body’s fluid compartments?

A

intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid - interstitial fluid (transcellular) and intravascular (blood)

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11
Q

of the body’s 60% of fluid how much is intracellular and how much is extracellular?

A

intra - 40%, extra - 20%

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12
Q

of the extracellulars 20%, how much is the interstitual fluid?

A

16% and 4% plasma

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13
Q

what ions are located in the intracellular fluids?

A

Large amounts of K+, protein, small amounts of Cl-, Na+

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14
Q

what ions are located in the extracellular fluid?

A

Large amount of NA+, Cl-, HCO3-, small amounts of K+

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15
Q

what ion are in the intravascular fluid?

A

Large amounts of protein, NA+, Cl-, small amounts of HCO3-, K+

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16
Q

between ICF and insterstitial fluid how is transport done?

A

water = osmosis, sodium potassium pump= active transport, waste/nutrients/gases = diffusion

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17
Q

what controls fluid balance in the body?

A

thirst mechanism, ADH, reinin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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18
Q

describe thrist mechanism

A

drop in saliva, increase in blood osmolarity, drop in blood volume

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19
Q

what is the name of the hormone that is released by the heart?

A

ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide

20
Q

what does ANP do?

A

lowers secretion of renin in kidneys

21
Q

what does Edema mean?

A

too much fluid in interstitial space

22
Q

how many litres at in the body and how much do we produce every day?

A

5L, 3L

23
Q

what causes edema?

A

increase venous pressure, lymphatic obstruction, inflammation, hypoproteinemia

24
Q

what is electrolytes?

A

substances that dissociates itself in solution and forms ions

25
Q

what are ions?

A

charged particles

26
Q

what does semipermeable mean?

A

water and small uncharged particles can pass freely

27
Q

what are colloids?

A

particles that are small enough to form suspension but too large to pass through natural membranes

28
Q

what are the functions of electrolytes

A

carry electrical current, balance ph levels, necessary for enzyme activity, controls osmosis

29
Q

what are the effects of edema?

A

Ascites ( abdominal), Pleural effusion (thoarcic)

30
Q

what is dehydration?

A

loss of fluids in all compartments

31
Q

what are some important electrolytes?

A

Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, K+, Ca++

32
Q

what is the single most abundant Cation in ECF?

A

Na+

33
Q

what is the most prevalent extracellular Anion?

A

Cl-

34
Q

what is the single most abundant Cation in ICF?

A

K+

35
Q

what is the most abundant mineral on body?

A

Ca++

36
Q

what is PTH?

A

Parathyroid hormone; released when there is low Ca++ in body by increasing renal reabsorption of Ca++ and increasing production of calcitriol, increases intestinal absorption of Ca++

37
Q

what is calcitonin?

A

antagonist of PTH; occurs when there is too much calcium in body, increases deposition of Ca++ in bones

38
Q

what is Hypernatremia?

A

too much sodium in blood; dehydration (intense thirst, edema, hypertention)

39
Q

what is Hyponatremia?

A

too little sodium in blood; increase loss of water(dizziness, weakness, headache)

40
Q

what is hypercloremia?

A

too much Cl- in blood; dehydration (weakness, metabolic acidosis)

41
Q

what is hypochloremia?

A

too little Cl- in blood; vomitting, overhydration (muscle spasms, hypotention)

42
Q

what is hyperkalemia?

A

too much K+ in blood; renal failure, excessive intake (vomitting diarrhea)

43
Q

what is hypokalemia?

A

too little K+ in blood; vomitting, diarrhea (mental confusion, muscle fatigue)

44
Q

what is hypercalcemia?

A

too much Ca++ in blood; increase PTH, immobilization (weakness, depression)

45
Q

what is hypocalcemia?

A

too little Ca++ in blood; high loss, low intake (muscle cramo, tingling)

Anatomy and Physiology1 (15 decks)

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