Homeostasis; Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

homeonestais of ____ depends on homeostasis of the body fluids and ________

Answer 1

cells, electrolytes

Question 2

what is water fluids?

Answer 2

all water and dissolved substances in the body fluid compartment

Question 3

what percentage of the body is water?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

mechanisms of fluids are regulated by?

Answer 4

total volume, distribution, concentration of solutes, and pH

Question 5

what percentage of fluids are in females?

Answer 5

55%

Question 6

what percentage of fluids are in males?

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

what percentage of solids are in females?

Answer 7

45%

Question 8

what percentage of solids are in males?

Answer 8

40%

Question 9

where are the largest amount of fluids located in the body?

Answer 9

inside cells (cytoplasm)

Question 10

what are the body’s fluid compartments?

Answer 10

intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid - interstitial fluid (transcellular) and intravascular (blood)

Question 11

of the body’s 60% of fluid how much is intracellular and how much is extracellular?

Answer 11

intra - 40%, extra - 20%

Question 12

of the extracellulars 20%, how much is the interstitual fluid?

Answer 12

16% and 4% plasma

Question 13

what ions are located in the intracellular fluids?

Answer 13

Large amounts of K+, protein, small amounts of Cl-, Na+

Question 14

what ions are located in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 14

Large amount of NA+, Cl-, HCO3-, small amounts of K+

Question 15

what ion are in the intravascular fluid?

Answer 15

Large amounts of protein, NA+, Cl-, small amounts of HCO3-, K+

Question 16

between ICF and insterstitial fluid how is transport done?

Answer 16

water = osmosis, sodium potassium pump= active transport, waste/nutrients/gases = diffusion

Question 17

what controls fluid balance in the body?

Answer 17

thirst mechanism, ADH, reinin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 18

describe thrist mechanism

Answer 18

drop in saliva, increase in blood osmolarity, drop in blood volume

Question 19

what is the name of the hormone that is released by the heart?

Answer 19

ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 20

what does ANP do?

Answer 20

lowers secretion of renin in kidneys

Question 21

what does Edema mean?

Answer 21

too much fluid in interstitial space

Question 22

how many litres at in the body and how much do we produce every day?

Answer 22

5L, 3L

Question 23

what causes edema?

Answer 23

increase venous pressure, lymphatic obstruction, inflammation, hypoproteinemia

Question 24

what is electrolytes?

Answer 24

substances that dissociates itself in solution and forms ions

Question 25

what are ions?

Answer 25

charged particles

Question 26

what does semipermeable mean?

Answer 26

water and small uncharged particles can pass freely

Question 27

what are colloids?

Answer 27

particles that are small enough to form suspension but too large to pass through natural membranes

Question 28

what are the functions of electrolytes

Answer 28

carry electrical current, balance ph levels, necessary for enzyme activity, controls osmosis

Question 29

what are the effects of edema?

Answer 29

Ascites ( abdominal), Pleural effusion (thoarcic)

Question 30

what is dehydration?

Answer 30

loss of fluids in all compartments

Question 31

what are some important electrolytes?

Answer 31

Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, K+, Ca++

Question 32

what is the single most abundant Cation in ECF?

Answer 32

Na+

Question 33

what is the most prevalent extracellular Anion?

Answer 33

Cl-

Question 34

what is the single most abundant Cation in ICF?

Answer 34

K+

Question 35

what is the most abundant mineral on body?

Answer 35

Ca++

Question 36

what is PTH?

Answer 36

Parathyroid hormone; released when there is low Ca++ in body by increasing renal reabsorption of Ca++ and increasing production of calcitriol, increases intestinal absorption of Ca++

Question 37

what is calcitonin?

Answer 37

antagonist of PTH; occurs when there is too much calcium in body, increases deposition of Ca++ in bones

Question 38

what is Hypernatremia?

Answer 38

too much sodium in blood; dehydration (intense thirst, edema, hypertention)

Question 39

what is Hyponatremia?

Answer 39

too little sodium in blood; increase loss of water(dizziness, weakness, headache)

Question 40

what is hypercloremia?

Answer 40

too much Cl- in blood; dehydration (weakness, metabolic acidosis)

Question 41

what is hypochloremia?

Answer 41

too little Cl- in blood; vomitting, overhydration (muscle spasms, hypotention)

Question 42

what is hyperkalemia?

Answer 42

too much K+ in blood; renal failure, excessive intake (vomitting diarrhea)

Question 43

what is hypokalemia?

Answer 43

too little K+ in blood; vomitting, diarrhea (mental confusion, muscle fatigue)

Question 44

what is hypercalcemia?

Answer 44

too much Ca++ in blood; increase PTH, immobilization (weakness, depression)

Question 45

what is hypocalcemia?

Answer 45

too little Ca++ in blood; high loss, low intake (muscle cramo, tingling)