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Anatomy and Physiology1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the primary tissues types?

A

Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue(blood/bone), Muscle Tissues, Nervous Tissue

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2
Q

what does the Epithelial Tissue do?

A

covers body tissues, lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts, which forms glands
allows interaction between internal and external environment

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3
Q

what does Connective tissue do?

A 
protects and supports the body and its organs
stores fats
help against disease-causing organisms
binds other tissues together
fills in space
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4
Q

what does muscular tissue do?

A

shortens to produce movement and generates heat

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5
Q

what does nervous tissue do?

A

detects condition change inside/outside the body

responds by generating electrical/chemical signals that activates muscle contraction and glandular secretion

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6
Q

most superior layer of epithelial tissue

A

apical surface

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7
Q

basement layer of epithelial tissue

A

basale surface

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8
Q

which tissue type has the most mitosis?

A

epithelial tissue

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9
Q

functions of epithelial tissue?

A

protects underlying structures
synthesizes substances
secretes substances
absorbs substances

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10
Q

is epithelial tissue vascular

A

NO - no blood vessels - relies of diffusion

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11
Q

what does epithelium do?

A

covers external surface (epidermis)
lines internal cavities (blood vessel walls)
glandular epitheliim

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12
Q

what is glandular epithelium composed of

A

parenchyma (functional part that secretes)

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13
Q

what is a gland

A

secreting structure composed of one or more cells

either endocrine or exocrine

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14
Q

what does endocrine glands do?

A

secrete hormones

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15
Q

what does thyroid gland secrete?

A

thyroxin

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16
Q

what does pancreas secrete?

A

insulin

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17
Q

what does the ovaries secret

A

estrogens

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18
Q

what does the testes secrete?

A

testosterone

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19
Q

what does exocrine glads do?

A

secrete to external surface (sweat), or into cavity that eventually leads to outside the body (salivary glands)

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20
Q

what are lacrimal glands?

A

secrete to anterior surface of the eye (tears)

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21
Q

salivary glands secrete to?

A

oral cavity

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22
Q

mucous glands secrete mucus to?

A

mucous membrane

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23
Q

pancreas secrete pancreatic juice to?

A

the lumen of small intestine

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24
Q

the thin bottom layer closes to secretion is called?

A

basal lamina

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25
Q

the layer closes to underlying connective tissue is called?

A

reticular lamina

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26
Q

where does endocrine glands secrete to?

A

into blood or fluid

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27
Q

where does exocrine glands secrete to?

A

into cavities that lead to outside the body

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28
Q

what is the matrix composed of?

A

fibers and ground substances

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29
Q

what are the characteristics of connective tissue?

A

cells separated by extracellular materials, matrix, structure varies

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30
Q

what are the cells in connective tissue?

A

fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, adipocytes, macrophages

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31
Q

what does fibroblast do?

A

produce fibers and ground substances

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32
Q

what does mast cells do?

A

produce histamine

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33
Q

what does macrophages do?

A

engolf substances

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34
Q

what does plasma cells do?

A

produce antibodies

35
Q

what does adipose called do?

A

stores fats

36
Q

what is ground substances consist of?

A

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, ketatan sulfate, fibronectin

37
Q

what does hyaluronic acid do?

A

the glue, binds cell together, viscous

38
Q

what does chrondritin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and ketatan sulfate do?

A

traps water, supports cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels and heart valves

39
Q

what does fibronectin do?

A

links components of ground substance together

40
Q

what is fibronectin?

A

adhesive protein

41
Q

what are the types of fibers?

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

42
Q

Collagens are produced by?

A

fibroblasts

43
Q

what is the most abundant protein in the body?

A

collagen protein

44
Q

what does collagen fibers do?

A

strong, resist pulling forces, gives strength to bone, tendons, skin, blood vessels

45
Q

what is elastic fibers composed of?

A

Elastin

46
Q

where are elastic fibers found?

A

aorta, large arteries, lungs

47
Q

what are reticular fibers composed of?

A

collagen protein

48
Q

what does reticular fibers do?

A

forms supporting framework of organs

49
Q

what are the functions of connective tissue?

A

support, protect, storage, repair

50
Q

what are the types of connective tissue?

A

loose, dense, cartilage, bone, blood

51
Q

what are the types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

52
Q

what are the characteristics of loose connective tissue?

A

more fluid than cells and fibers

53
Q

what are the types of dense connective tissue?

A

dense regular connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, dense elastic connective tissue

54
Q

what is the characteristic of dense connective tissue?

A

densely packed fibers

55
Q

Dense regular connective tissue can withstand ___ force.

A

axial

56
Q

dense irregular connective tissue can withstand forces from ______.

A

many directions

57
Q

characteristics of elastic connective tissue

A

branching elastic fibers, dense, recoils to original shape after stretching

58
Q

what are the types of cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

59
Q

what is cartilage?

A

chondrocytes surrounded by variable matrix

60
Q

in hyaline cartilage what is the sacs called that are surrounding the chondrocytes?

A

lacuna

61
Q

what does lacuna do?

A

acts as a buffer around hyaline cartilage (very slippery)

62
Q

what is the function of bones?

A

to support, protect, storage, blood cell production

63
Q

cells in bones are called?

A

osteocyte

64
Q

what is the function of blood?

A

to transport (gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste)

65
Q

what type of cartilage is mostly present in the body?

A

hyaline cartilage

66
Q

what is a membrane?

A

pliable layer of epithelial and connective tissue

67
Q

what are the types of membranes?

A

epithelial and synovial

68
Q

what are the types of epithelial membrane?

A

mucous membrane (mucosa), serous membrane (serosa), cutaneous membrane (skin)

69
Q

what does the mucous membrane do?

A

lines open cavities (lungs, nose, mouth, stomach, small intestines) and secrete

70
Q

what are the functions of the mucous membrane?

A

absorption, secretion, protection

71
Q

serous membrane is composed of 2 layers called?

A 
parietal layer  (lines closed cavities)
visceral layer (covers outer surface of the organ)
72
Q

what does the serous membrane do?

A

secrete serous fluid, reduce friction

73
Q

what are the type of serous membrane?

A

pleura (lungs), pericardium (heart), peritoneum (abdomen)

74
Q

what does the visceral pleura cover?

A

cover the outer surface of the lungs

75
Q

what does the parietal pleura cover?

A

lines the thoracic cavity

76
Q

what is the pleural cavity?

A

space between visceral and parietal pleura

77
Q

forms a sac around the heart

A

parietal layer

78
Q

covers the outer surface of the heart

A

visceral layer

79
Q

covers many abdominal organs

A

visceral peritoneum

80
Q

lines much of the abdominal cavity

A

parietal peritoneum

81
Q

what are the types of synovial membrane?

A

articular synovial membrane, bursae, and tendon sheaths

82
Q

what does articular synovial membrane do?

A

lines synovial joint cavity

83
Q

what does Bursae do?

A

cushion between soft tissues and bones

84
Q

what does tendon sheaths do?

A

surround and protect tendons from too much friction

Anatomy and Physiology1 (15 decks)

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