The Neck I

Question 1

Where is the thoracic inlet?

Answer 1

Space bounded by first rib, sternum and T1 vertebra

Question 2

What is the primary function of the thoracic inlet?

Answer 2

Primary passage way for structures between neck and thorax

Question 3

What does the vertebral column articulate with?

Answer 3

Occipital bone

Question 4

What are the main dorsocaudal features of the skull?

Answer 4

External occipital protuberance, nuchal crest, and mastoid process

Question 5

From rostral to caudal, list the main structures of the ventral portion of the skull?

Answer 5

Foramen lacerum, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, occipital condyle

Question 6

What is the normal number of cervical vertebra?

Answer 6

7

Question 7

What is the hyoid apparatus? (not function)

Answer 7

Bones running from temporal bones of skull into the neck

Question 8

What is the function of the hyoid apparatus?

Answer 8

Supporting the tongue, larynx, and pharynx

Question 9

Where are the laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 9

Cartilages at cranial end of the airway

Question 10

What is another name for C1?

Answer 10

Atlas

Question 11

What is the name for the facets on C1 what do they articulate with?

Answer 11

Articular facets, articulate with the occipital condyle

Question 12

What is a special structure of the C1?

Answer 12

Large transverse processes called wings or Alar processes

Question 13

What are the palpable landmarks of the atlas and axis?

Answer 13

Wing of atlas and the spinous process of the axis

Question 14

What are the three parts of the hyoid apparatus?

Answer 14

Stylohyoid, basihyoid, and thyrohyoid

Question 15

What is the stylohyoid?

Answer 15

Articulates with temporal bone (adjacent to the mastoid) via cartilage

Question 16

What is the cartilage that is associated with the stylohyoid?

Answer 16

Tympanohyoid cart.

Question 17

What is the basihyoid?

Answer 17

Unpaired, anchored in the musculature of the tongue

Question 18

What is the thyrohyoid?

Answer 18

Articulates with the thyroid cartilage

Question 19

What are the four dorsal muscles of the vertebral column?

Answer 19

Spinalis, semispinalis, longissimus, and splenius

Question 20

What is the origin of the splenius?

Answer 20

T1-T3 spines and cervical midline raphe

Question 21

What is the insertion of the splenius?

Answer 21

Nuchal crest and mastoid

Question 22

What nerve innervates the splenius?

Answer 22

Dorsal rami

Question 23

What is the action of the splenius?

Answer 23

Extend head and neck, some lateral bending of cervical region

Question 24

What are the three ventral vertebral column muscles?

Answer 24

longus colli, longus capitus, and scalenus

Question 25

What is another name for the ventral vertebral column muscles?

Answer 25

Hypaxial

Question 26

Where is the longus colli found?

Answer 26

Cranial thoracic vertebral bodies and cervical vertebral bodies and transverse processes

Question 27

Where is the longus capitus found?

Answer 27

Lateral to the longus colli from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the ventral part of the skull

Question 28

Where is the scalenus m. found?

Answer 28

Often a group of three muscles, from caudal cervical vertebrae to cranial ribs

Question 29

What are the four rectus capitus muscles?

Answer 29

Dorsalis major - Dorsalis minor - Lateralis - Ventralis

Question 30

What are the two oblique capitus muscles?

Answer 30

Cranialis and Caudalis

Question 31

What is the function of the capitus muscles?

Answer 31

Fine control of the atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital joints

Question 32

What are the fascias of the neck?

Answer 32

Carotid sheath, pretracheal, and prevertebral

Question 33

What is within the carotid sheath?

Answer 33

Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and VAGOSYMPATHETIC trunk

Question 34

What is within the pretracheal fascia?

Answer 34

Muscles and viscera of the ventral neck

Question 35

What is with in the prevertebral fascia?

Answer 35

All muscles associated with the vertebral column

Question 36

What happens when the ventral vertebral muscles pass into the thorax?

Answer 36

Prevertebral fascia blend with the endothoracic fascia

Question 37

What is the clinical significance of the region where the ventral vertebral muscles enter the thorax?

Answer 37

Possible route of infection

Question 38

What are the two primary cutaneous muscles over the neck?

Answer 38

Cutaneous colli and Platysma

Question 39

What are the two groups of muscles that control the position of the hyoid? (very basic)

Answer 39

Cranial and caudal group

Question 40

What cranial muscles affect the positioning of the hyoid?

Answer 40

Muscles of the oral cavity, tongue, and pharynx

Question 41

What is the caudal muscles that affect the positioning of the hyoid?

Answer 41

Sternohyoideus - Omohyoideus - Sternothyroideus - Thyrohyoideus