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Macroscopic anatomy > Macroscopic anatomy written part > Flashcards

Macroscopic anatomy written part Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve is innervating the Latissimus dorsi m.?

a) Intercostal nerves
b) Long thoracic nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve

A

c) Thoracodorsal nerve

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2
Q

Which nerve is innervating the serratus anterior?

a) Intercostal nerves
b) Long thoracic nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve

A

b) Long thoracic nerve

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3
Q

Which nerve is innervating the serratus posterior?

a) Intercostal nerves
b) Long thoracic nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve

A

a) Intercostal nerves

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4
Q

Which nerve is innervating the Rhomboid minor and major?

a) Intercostal nerves
b) Long thoracic nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve

A

d) Dorsal scapular nerve

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5
Q

Which joints are pivot joints?

A
  • Proximal Radio-ulnar joint

- Talo-calcaneal joint/ Subtalar joint

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6
Q

What belongs to talus?

a) Navicular articular surface
b) Trochlear surface of talus
c) Sulcus calcanei
d) Sinus tarsi
e) Process

A

a) Navicular articular surface
b) Trochlear surface of talus
e) Process

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7
Q

What forms the lesser sciatic foramen?

a) Lesser sciatic notch
b) Sacrum
c) Sacrospinous ligament
d) Sacrotuberous ligament

A

a) Lesser sciatic notch
c) Sacrospinous ligament
d) Sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

Which muscles raises the eyebrows mediocaudally?

A

Corrugator supercilii

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9
Q

Innervation of the masseter muscle?

A

Masseteric nerve, branch of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve - CN V3

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10
Q

Roof of the tympanic cavity

A

Tegmental wall

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11
Q

What is true about the interossei muscles

a) We have 4 on the dorsal side
b) We have 4 on the palmar side
c) We have 3 on the dorsal side
d) We have 3 on the palmar side

A

a) We have 4 on the dorsal side

d) We have 3 on the palmar side

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12
Q

What is found on the base of the occipital bone?

a) Jugular process
b) Condylar canal
c) Groove for superior sagittal sinus
d) Groove for transverse sinus
e) Cruciform eminence

A

a) Jugular process
b) Condylar canal
(d) Groove for transverse sinus
e) Cruciform eminence) Usikker på hvor langt de mener “base” strekker seg.

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13
Q

What is the type of 1st metacarpophalangeal joint?

a) Pivot
b) Restricted ball and socket
c) Saddle
d) Hinge

A

b) Restricted ball and socket

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14
Q

Which muscle does NOT lift the upper lip?

a) Orbicularis oris
b) Buccinator
c) Zygomaticus major
d) Zygomaticus minor
e) Levator anguli oris

A

a) Orbicularis oris

b) Buccinator

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15
Q

Which joint is Trocho-ginglymus?

A 
- Elbow joint
(Proximal radioulnar (pivot), humero-ulnar (hinge), humero-radial (ball and socket))
All together Trocho ginglymus
- Knee joint 
(Femorotibial joint)
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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the axillary fossa?

a) Serratus anterior
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Teres major
d) Biceps muscle
d) Coracobrachialis

A

a) Serratus anterior
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Teres major
d) Biceps muscle
d) Coracobrachialis

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17
Q

Content of axillary fossa?

A

Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Axillary lymph nodes
Brachial plexus

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18
Q

What is innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris
Iliacus
Pectineus

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19
Q

Content of adductor canal

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Descending genicular artery

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20
Q

Origin and insertion of Gracilis

A

O: Pubic ramus
I: Pes anserinus superficialis

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21
Q

What is true about ligamentum flava?

a) Consisting of elastic fibers
b) It has a yellow-ish color
c) It is a weak ligament
d) Connect the lamina of adjacent vertebral arches and reinforce the vertebral canal posteriorly

A

a) Consisting of elastic fibers
b) It has a yellow-ish color
d) Connect the lamina of adjacent vertebral arches and reinforce the vertebral canal posteriorly

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22
Q

Which tendon is going under the sustentaculum tali?

A

Flexor hallucis longus

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23
Q

What is the content of infrapiriform hiatus

A 
Inferior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal vein
Inferior gluteal nerve
Internal pudendal artery
Internal pudendal vein
Pudendal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Post. femoral cutaneous nerve
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24
Q

What is glenoid labrum made of?

A

Fibro cartilage

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25
Q

What flexor the hip is also knee flexors?

A

Gracilis, sartorius

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26
Q

What is the content of suprapiriform hiatus

A

Superior gluteal nerve, artery and vein

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27
Q

Which muscle is going beneath the sustentaculum tali?

A

Flexor hallucis longus

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28
Q

Which muscles does knee flexion and plantar flexion

A

Gastrocnemius

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29
Q

What is true about the transverse ligament of the knee?

A

Connects the lateral meniscus to the medial meniscus

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30
Q

What is the ribs articulation with on the vertebrae?

A

The costal facet of the transverse process and superior and anterior costal facet of the vertebra below and on the same level

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31
Q

What is the innervation of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve

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32
Q

Where is the clivus?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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33
Q

Articulating surface of proximal radioulnar joint?

A

The radial notch of ulna and articular circumference of radius

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34
Q

Which vessels run through the carpal tunnel

A

No one, But ulnar artery travels in Guyon’s canal

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35
Q

What is the lower ankle joint?

A

Lower ankle joint

Talo calcaneal joint (subtalar joint) + talocalcaneal navicular joint

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36
Q

What is the floor of the orbit?

A

Body of Maxilla
Inferior orbital fissure
Body of sphenoid
Perpendicular part of palatine bone

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37
Q

What is the medial border of the orbit?

A

Frontal process of maxilla
Orbital plate of ethmoid
Body of sphenoid

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38
Q

What is the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic bone

Greater wing of sphenoid

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39
Q

What is the roof of the orbit?

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone

Orbital part of frontal bone

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40
Q

Which arteries makes up the plantar arch?

A

Lateral plantar artery forming the deep plantar arch

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41
Q

What makes up the transverse plantar arch?

A

Cuboid and the three cuneiform bones + metatarsal bones

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42
Q

What is the movement of the pectoralis major?

A

Adduction and medial rotation of the arm and depression of the shoulder

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43
Q

Content of the deltopectoral groove

A

Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery

Cephalic vein

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44
Q

What can be found in the fossula petrosa?

A

Tympanic canaliculus

Tympanic ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve

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45
Q

Characteristic movement of the radio-carpal joint?

A 
Flexion
Extention
Ulnar duction
Radial duction
Supination
Pronation
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46
Q

Where is the lateral mass?

a) Atlas
b) Axis
c) Lumbar region

A

a) Atlas

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47
Q

Which muscles are innervated by dorsal scapular nerve?

a) Rhomboid major
b) Rhomboid minor
c) Latissimus dorsi
d) Trapezius
e) Pectoralis major

A

a) Rhomboid major

b) Rhomboid minor

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48
Q

What is the content of the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Internal pudendal artery
Internal pudendal vein
Pudendal nerve
Tendon of obturator internus

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49
Q

Zygapophyseal joint type

A

Plane joint

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50
Q

Choose the superior border of the carotid triangle

a) Inferior belly of omohyoid
b) Sternocleidomastoid
c) Posterior belly of digastric
d) anterior belly of digastric
e) superior belly of omohyoid

A

c) Posterior belly of digastric

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51
Q

What is true about platysma?

  • It is located superficial to the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
  • It has its own fascia sheet
  • Innervated by facial nerve
A
  • It is located superficial to the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
  • Innervated by facial nerve
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52
Q

Where does the pectoralis major originate from?

a) xiphoid process
b) anterior layer of the clavicle
c) sternal half of the clavicle
d) manubrium
e) body of sternum

A

b) anterior layer of the clavicle
c) sternal half of the clavicle
d) manubrium
e) body of sternum

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53
Q

Innervation of leg extensors

A

Tibial nerve (?) Litt usikker på hva som menes med leg extensors (knee eller ankel)

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54
Q

Ulnar abductors

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

extensor carpi ulnaris m.

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55
Q

Innervation of muscles of facial expression

A

Facial nerve CN 7

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56
Q

Which muscles are the muscles of mastication?

A

Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter

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57
Q

Connection between pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

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58
Q

Sphenopalatine foramen leads to the…

a) nasal cavity
b) middle cranial fossa
c) oral cavity
d) sphenoid sinus
e) orbit

A

a) nasal cavity

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59
Q

Foramen rotundum leads to the…

a) orbit
b) nasal cavity
c) pterygopalatine fossa
d) posterior cranial fossa
e) oral cavity

A

c) pterygopalatine fossa

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60
Q

What are articular surfaces of the humeroradial joint?

A

Head of radius + articular facet

Capitulum of humerus

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61
Q

Which of these joints are ellipsoid (biaxial)?

A

Radio carpal joint,

1st carpaometacarpal jont (saddle = biaxial men ikke ellipsoid)

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62
Q

Lumbar vertebrae features

A

Body = bean shape
Foramen = triangular, narrow
Spinous process = big, but not bifid
Prominent costal process, the original transverse process is small called accessory process

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63
Q

Where are the pedicles of the vertebral arches

A

Between the facet for the head of the ribs and the facet of superior articular processes

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64
Q

Articulation surface of costovertebral joint

A

Transverse, Inferior and superior costal faset

65
Q

Which number of vertebrae has complete articular facet?

A

1, 11 and 12

66
Q

Medial Pterygoid muscle origin and insertion

A

O: Lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of palatine bone, tuberosity of maxilla
I: Ramus of Mandible

67
Q

Which of these are NOT infrahyoid muscles?

a) Mylohyoid
b) Sternohyoid
c) Omohyoid
d) Thyrohyoid

A

a) Mylohyoid

68
Q

Which of these muscles are infrahyoid?

a) Mylohyoid
b) Sternohyoid
c) Omohyoid
d) Thyrohyoid

A

b) Sternohyoid
c) Omohyoid
d) Thyrohyoid

69
Q

which nerve innervates the mastication muscle?

A

mandibular nerve

70
Q

which is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

neck of the condylar process

71
Q

Connection in the posterior cranial fossa?

a) Foramen magnum
b) Cerebellar fossa
c) Jugular tubercle
d) Jugular foramen
e) Internal acoustic meatus

A

a) Foramen magnum
b) Cerebellar fossa
c) Jugular tubercle
d) Jugular foramen
e) Internal acoustic meatus

72
Q

Which muscle opens the mouth?

A

lateral pterygoid

73
Q

Which structure is directly below the sciatic nerve?

A

obturator internus

74
Q

Borders of Pterygopalatine fossa

A 
A: Maxillary tuberosity
S: Greater wing of sphenoid bone
M: Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
I: Pyramidal process of palatine bone
P: Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
75
Q

Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

76
Q

Which arteries are direct branch from maxillary artery?

A

Descending palatine artery, masseteric artery,

inferior alveolar artery, sphenopalatine artery, infraorbital artery

77
Q

Which structures are connection of pterygopalatine fossa?

A

sphenopalatine foreman,foramen rotundum, pterygomaxillary fissure, pterygoid canal

78
Q

Which muscles are innervated by radial nerve?

A

All of the extensors of the forearm

79
Q

Which vein is supplying to parotid gland?

A

Retromandibular vein

80
Q

What ligament makes up the greater sciatic foramen?

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

81
Q

Which nerve innervates the salpingopharyngeus

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

82
Q

What makes up the posterior border of axilla?

A

Posterior axillary fold; Latissimus dorsi + teres major

83
Q

Which muscles are the adductors of the hip?

A

Pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus

84
Q

Which nerve innervates the adductors of the hip?

A

Obturator nerve

Pectineus has both obturator and femoral nerve

85
Q

Which structure does NOT pass through the infrapiriform hiatus?

A

deep femoral artery

86
Q

Which is not a connection between infratemporal fossa?

a) Foraen cecum
b) Foramen spinosum
c) Foraen ovale

A

a) Foraen cecum

c) Foraen ovale

87
Q

Which arteries are direct branch of femoral artery?

A

deep femoral artery

88
Q

What the function of gluteus maximus?

A

Extension of the hip joint

89
Q

Short head of biceps femoris is innervated by?

A

Common fibular nerve

90
Q

Which bones make up the ulnar eminence?

A

pisiform, hook of hamate

91
Q

which nerve innervates palatoglossus?

A

vagus nerve

92
Q

which nerve is direct branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

mandibular nerve

93
Q

which bones make up the lambdoid suture?

A

occipital, parietal

94
Q

Which nerve innervates palatoglossus?

A

vagus nerve

95
Q

Which nerve is direct branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

mandibular nerve

96
Q

Which bones make up the lambdoid suture?

A

occipital, parietal

97
Q

Which bone has the transverse sinus?

A

occipital bone

98
Q

which part of the temporal bone has the trigeminal impression?

A

petrous part

99
Q

which structure is the border between anterior and middle cranial fossa?

A

lesser wing of sphenoid bone

100
Q

Which are the characteristic of the multiaxial joint?

A

voluntary or involuntary rotation ,circumduction

101
Q

Which joints have the articular disk?

A

sternoclavicular, ulnocarpal, temporomandibular

102
Q

which structures make up the articulation of the humeroulnar joint?

A

trochlear, trochlear notch

103
Q

which muscles are the flexor of the elbow joint?

A

biceps brachii, brachialis

104
Q

What forms the choanae?

A
  • Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
  • Medial lamina of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
  • vomer
  • Body of sphenoid (?)
105
Q

What can be found in carotid triangle?

A
  • Internal and external carotid arteries (common carotid),
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
  • Accessory nerve
  • Sympathetic trunk
106
Q

What features can be found on the posterior surface of the pyramid of temporal bone?

A

Petrous part,
- Internal acoustic meatus
- Petrous apex
+

107
Q

Which part of the diaphragm is the pathway of azygos vein?

A

Intermediate hiatus

108
Q

Which structures are the contents of lacuna lymphatica?

A

Rosenmüller lymph nodes

+

109
Q

What is the insertion of temporalis?

A

Ramus and coronoid process of the mandible

110
Q

At which level is the aortic hiatus located?

A

T12 /L1

111
Q

What is the origin of rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Spinous process of axis

112
Q

What is the origin of rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Posterior tubercle of atlas

113
Q

What is the superior border of inguinal canal?

A

Internal oblique

Transverse abdominis

114
Q

What is the inferior border of inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

115
Q

What is the anterior border of inguinal canal?

A
  • Aponeurosis of external oblique

- Aponeurosis of internal oblique

116
Q

What is the posterior border of inguinal canal?

A
  • Transversalis fascia
117
Q

What is the superior border of inguinal canal?

A

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

118
Q

Where does the indirect inguinal hernia start from?

A

Deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

119
Q

What is the inferior border of inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

120
Q

Where does the direct inguinal hernia start from?

A

Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

121
Q

What are the inferior borders of the orbital cavity?

A
  • Body of Maxilla
  • Inferior orbital fissure
  • Infraorbital canal and groove
  • Body of sphenoid
  • Orbital process of palatine bone (perpendicular part)
122
Q

Which structures are connection of pterygopalatine fossa?

A

sphenopalatine foramen, foramen rotundum, pterygomaxillary fissure, pterygoid canal

123
Q

What are the inferior border of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Palatine process of Maxilla

- The horizontal plate of palatine

124
Q

What are the superior borders of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Nasal bones
  • The nasal part of frontal bone
  • Cribriform plate of the ethmoid
  • sphenoidal crest
125
Q

What are the lateral border of the nasal cavity?

A
  • The medial plate of pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
  • Frontal process of Maxilla
  • Ethmoid bone (Nasal concha)
  • Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
  • Inferior nasal concha
126
Q

What formes the medial wall of the nasal cavity? (Nasal septum)

A
  • Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
  • Sphenoidal crest of the sphenoid bone
  • Vomer
    (- Nasal crest of Maxilla)
127
Q

Inferior border of carotid triangle?

A

S: post. Nelly of digastric
A: sup belly of omohyoid
P: scm

128
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

Ca 2 years after birth

129
Q

Where is the sternal angle?

A

Inferior to manubrium and superior to body of sternum

130
Q

What is gliding movement of the TMJ joint?

A

Translation movement (?)

131
Q

Which muscles insert via aponeurosis?

A

Abdominal oblique?

132
Q

What ligament connects atlas to foramen magnum?

A

Longitudinal bands of cruciate/ cruciform ligament

133
Q

What muscle connect to the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Erector spinae

134
Q

What artery gives rise to the deep plantar artery?

A

The dorsalis pedis artery begins as the anterior tibial artery enters the foot. It passes over the dorsal aspect of the tarsal bones, then moves inferiorly, towards the sole of the foot. It then anastomoses with the lateral plantar artery to form the deep plantar arch.

135
Q

What is true for a saddle joint?

A

A saddle joint is a synovial joint where one of the bones forming the joint is shaped like a saddle with the other bone resting on it like a rider on a horse. Saddle joints provide stability to the bones while providing more flexibility than a hinge or gliding joint.

136
Q

Which bone is highest in the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Talus (?)

137
Q

Posterior border of carotid triangle?

A

Sternocleido mastoid

138
Q

Which nerve is innervating the extensors of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

139
Q

Which carpal bone forms the joint of the thumb?

A

Trapezium

140
Q

Innervation of scalene muscles?

A

Direct branches from cervical plexus and brachial plexus

141
Q

What is a bipennate muscle?

A

a muscle with a central tendon toward which the fibers converge on either side like the barbs of a feather
Eg. 3rd lumbrical

142
Q

What is the borders of Guyons canal?

A

Roof: Volar carpal ligament
Floor: transverse carpal ligament.
The radial border has the Hook of Hamate, and the medial border is composed of pisiform bone along with pisohamate ligament.

143
Q

What is the content of Guyons canal?

A

Ulnar nerve

Ulnar artery

144
Q

What is the location of popliteal artery?

A

Popliteal fossa

It is named when the femoral artery is coming out of the popliteal fossa and switching m name to the Tibioperoneal trunk before it is dividing into tibial and peroneal artery

145
Q

Functions of masseter muscle?

A

Elevates and protrudes the mandible

146
Q

Peroneus tertius corresponds to?

A

It is a part of the extensor digitorum longus.

It is in the anterior compartment of the leg. Together with the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus.

Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis are in the lateral compartment.

147
Q

What are the borders of the intervertebral foramen?

A

The intervertebral foramen is bordered by the superior notch of the adjacent vertebra, the inferior notch of the vertebra, the intervertebral joint and the intervertebral disc.

148
Q

Which nerve innervates the masseter muscle?

A

CN V (Trigeminal nerve) 3rd branch -> Mandibular nerve

149
Q

Which muscles contributes to the movement of opening the mouth?

A

Lateral pterygoid is the ONLY one

150
Q

Which bone forms the optic canal?

A

Sphenoid bone

151
Q

What is the content of cubital fossa?

A

TAN
Tendon of biceps brachii
Brachial artery
Median nerve

152
Q

What is pierced by the radial nerve?

A

Supinator muscle

153
Q

Where can costal processes be found?

A

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

154
Q

What are the muscles of expiration?

A

No one.

(Forced respiration) - internal intercostals, rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, transversus abdominis

155
Q

Origin of rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Spinous process of axis

156
Q

Muscle originating from thoracolumbar fascia?

A

?

157
Q

Origin of rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Posterior tubercle of atlas

158
Q

What ligament connects axis to foramen magnum?

A

Alar ligament

Macroscopic anatomy (35 decks)

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