Macroscopic anatomy written part Flashcards
Which nerve is innervating the Latissimus dorsi m.?
a) Intercostal nerves
b) Long thoracic nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
Which nerve is innervating the serratus anterior?
a) Intercostal nerves
b) Long thoracic nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve
b) Long thoracic nerve
Which nerve is innervating the serratus posterior?
a) Intercostal nerves
b) Long thoracic nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve
a) Intercostal nerves
Which nerve is innervating the Rhomboid minor and major?
a) Intercostal nerves
b) Long thoracic nerve
c) Thoracodorsal nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve
d) Dorsal scapular nerve
Which joints are pivot joints?
- Proximal Radio-ulnar joint
- Talo-calcaneal joint/ Subtalar joint
What belongs to talus?
a) Navicular articular surface
b) Trochlear surface of talus
c) Sulcus calcanei
d) Sinus tarsi
e) Process
a) Navicular articular surface
b) Trochlear surface of talus
e) Process
What forms the lesser sciatic foramen?
a) Lesser sciatic notch
b) Sacrum
c) Sacrospinous ligament
d) Sacrotuberous ligament
a) Lesser sciatic notch
c) Sacrospinous ligament
d) Sacrotuberous ligament
Which muscles raises the eyebrows mediocaudally?
Corrugator supercilii
Innervation of the masseter muscle?
Masseteric nerve, branch of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve - CN V3
Roof of the tympanic cavity
Tegmental wall
What is true about the interossei muscles
a) We have 4 on the dorsal side
b) We have 4 on the palmar side
c) We have 3 on the dorsal side
d) We have 3 on the palmar side
a) We have 4 on the dorsal side
d) We have 3 on the palmar side
What is found on the base of the occipital bone?
a) Jugular process
b) Condylar canal
c) Groove for superior sagittal sinus
d) Groove for transverse sinus
e) Cruciform eminence
a) Jugular process
b) Condylar canal
(d) Groove for transverse sinus
e) Cruciform eminence) Usikker på hvor langt de mener “base” strekker seg.
What is the type of 1st metacarpophalangeal joint?
a) Pivot
b) Restricted ball and socket
c) Saddle
d) Hinge
b) Restricted ball and socket
Which muscle does NOT lift the upper lip?
a) Orbicularis oris
b) Buccinator
c) Zygomaticus major
d) Zygomaticus minor
e) Levator anguli oris
a) Orbicularis oris
b) Buccinator
Which joint is Trocho-ginglymus?
- Elbow joint (Proximal radioulnar (pivot), humero-ulnar (hinge), humero-radial (ball and socket)) All together Trocho ginglymus - Knee joint (Femorotibial joint)
What are the boundaries of the axillary fossa?
a) Serratus anterior
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Teres major
d) Biceps muscle
d) Coracobrachialis
a) Serratus anterior
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Teres major
d) Biceps muscle
d) Coracobrachialis
Content of axillary fossa?
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Axillary lymph nodes
Brachial plexus
What is innervated by the femoral nerve?
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris
Iliacus
Pectineus
Content of adductor canal
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Descending genicular artery
Origin and insertion of Gracilis
O: Pubic ramus
I: Pes anserinus superficialis
What is true about ligamentum flava?
a) Consisting of elastic fibers
b) It has a yellow-ish color
c) It is a weak ligament
d) Connect the lamina of adjacent vertebral arches and reinforce the vertebral canal posteriorly
a) Consisting of elastic fibers
b) It has a yellow-ish color
d) Connect the lamina of adjacent vertebral arches and reinforce the vertebral canal posteriorly
Which tendon is going under the sustentaculum tali?
Flexor hallucis longus
What is the content of infrapiriform hiatus
Inferior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal vein Inferior gluteal nerve Internal pudendal artery Internal pudendal vein Pudendal nerve Sciatic nerve Post. femoral cutaneous nerve
What is glenoid labrum made of?
Fibro cartilage
What flexor the hip is also knee flexors?
Gracilis, sartorius
What is the content of suprapiriform hiatus
Superior gluteal nerve, artery and vein
Which muscle is going beneath the sustentaculum tali?
Flexor hallucis longus
Which muscles does knee flexion and plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius
What is true about the transverse ligament of the knee?
Connects the lateral meniscus to the medial meniscus
What is the ribs articulation with on the vertebrae?
The costal facet of the transverse process and superior and anterior costal facet of the vertebra below and on the same level
What is the innervation of sternocleidomastoid?
Accessory nerve
Where is the clivus?
Posterior cranial fossa
Articulating surface of proximal radioulnar joint?
The radial notch of ulna and articular circumference of radius
Which vessels run through the carpal tunnel
No one, But ulnar artery travels in Guyon’s canal
What is the lower ankle joint?
Lower ankle joint
Talo calcaneal joint (subtalar joint) + talocalcaneal navicular joint
What is the floor of the orbit?
Body of Maxilla
Inferior orbital fissure
Body of sphenoid
Perpendicular part of palatine bone
What is the medial border of the orbit?
Frontal process of maxilla
Orbital plate of ethmoid
Body of sphenoid
What is the lateral wall of the orbit?
Zygomatic bone
Greater wing of sphenoid
What is the roof of the orbit?
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Orbital part of frontal bone
Which arteries makes up the plantar arch?
Lateral plantar artery forming the deep plantar arch
What makes up the transverse plantar arch?
Cuboid and the three cuneiform bones + metatarsal bones
What is the movement of the pectoralis major?
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm and depression of the shoulder
Content of the deltopectoral groove
Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
Cephalic vein
What can be found in the fossula petrosa?
Tympanic canaliculus
Tympanic ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve
Characteristic movement of the radio-carpal joint?
Flexion Extention Ulnar duction Radial duction Supination Pronation
Where is the lateral mass?
a) Atlas
b) Axis
c) Lumbar region
a) Atlas
Which muscles are innervated by dorsal scapular nerve?
a) Rhomboid major
b) Rhomboid minor
c) Latissimus dorsi
d) Trapezius
e) Pectoralis major
a) Rhomboid major
b) Rhomboid minor
What is the content of the lesser sciatic foramen?
Internal pudendal artery
Internal pudendal vein
Pudendal nerve
Tendon of obturator internus
Zygapophyseal joint type
Plane joint
Choose the superior border of the carotid triangle
a) Inferior belly of omohyoid
b) Sternocleidomastoid
c) Posterior belly of digastric
d) anterior belly of digastric
e) superior belly of omohyoid
c) Posterior belly of digastric
What is true about platysma?
- It is located superficial to the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
- It has its own fascia sheet
- Innervated by facial nerve
- It is located superficial to the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
- Innervated by facial nerve
Where does the pectoralis major originate from?
a) xiphoid process
b) anterior layer of the clavicle
c) sternal half of the clavicle
d) manubrium
e) body of sternum
b) anterior layer of the clavicle
c) sternal half of the clavicle
d) manubrium
e) body of sternum
Innervation of leg extensors
Tibial nerve (?) Litt usikker på hva som menes med leg extensors (knee eller ankel)
Ulnar abductors
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
extensor carpi ulnaris m.
Innervation of muscles of facial expression
Facial nerve CN 7
Which muscles are the muscles of mastication?
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter
Connection between pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine foramen
Sphenopalatine foramen leads to the…
a) nasal cavity
b) middle cranial fossa
c) oral cavity
d) sphenoid sinus
e) orbit
a) nasal cavity
Foramen rotundum leads to the…
a) orbit
b) nasal cavity
c) pterygopalatine fossa
d) posterior cranial fossa
e) oral cavity
c) pterygopalatine fossa
What are articular surfaces of the humeroradial joint?
Head of radius + articular facet
Capitulum of humerus
Which of these joints are ellipsoid (biaxial)?
Radio carpal joint,
1st carpaometacarpal jont (saddle = biaxial men ikke ellipsoid)
Lumbar vertebrae features
Body = bean shape
Foramen = triangular, narrow
Spinous process = big, but not bifid
Prominent costal process, the original transverse process is small called accessory process
Where are the pedicles of the vertebral arches
Between the facet for the head of the ribs and the facet of superior articular processes
Articulation surface of costovertebral joint
Transverse, Inferior and superior costal faset
Which number of vertebrae has complete articular facet?
1, 11 and 12
Medial Pterygoid muscle origin and insertion
O: Lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of palatine bone, tuberosity of maxilla
I: Ramus of Mandible
Which of these are NOT infrahyoid muscles?
a) Mylohyoid
b) Sternohyoid
c) Omohyoid
d) Thyrohyoid
a) Mylohyoid
Which of these muscles are infrahyoid?
a) Mylohyoid
b) Sternohyoid
c) Omohyoid
d) Thyrohyoid
b) Sternohyoid
c) Omohyoid
d) Thyrohyoid
which nerve innervates the mastication muscle?
mandibular nerve
which is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?
neck of the condylar process
Connection in the posterior cranial fossa?
a) Foramen magnum
b) Cerebellar fossa
c) Jugular tubercle
d) Jugular foramen
e) Internal acoustic meatus
a) Foramen magnum
b) Cerebellar fossa
c) Jugular tubercle
d) Jugular foramen
e) Internal acoustic meatus
Which muscle opens the mouth?
lateral pterygoid
Which structure is directly below the sciatic nerve?
obturator internus
Borders of Pterygopalatine fossa
A: Maxillary tuberosity S: Greater wing of sphenoid bone M: Perpendicular plate of palatine bone I: Pyramidal process of palatine bone P: Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Which arteries are direct branch from maxillary artery?
Descending palatine artery, masseteric artery,
inferior alveolar artery, sphenopalatine artery, infraorbital artery
Which structures are connection of pterygopalatine fossa?
sphenopalatine foreman,foramen rotundum, pterygomaxillary fissure, pterygoid canal
Which muscles are innervated by radial nerve?
All of the extensors of the forearm
Which vein is supplying to parotid gland?
Retromandibular vein
What ligament makes up the greater sciatic foramen?
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
Which nerve innervates the salpingopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What makes up the posterior border of axilla?
Posterior axillary fold; Latissimus dorsi + teres major
Which muscles are the adductors of the hip?
Pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus
Which nerve innervates the adductors of the hip?
Obturator nerve
Pectineus has both obturator and femoral nerve
Which structure does NOT pass through the infrapiriform hiatus?
deep femoral artery
Which is not a connection between infratemporal fossa?
a) Foraen cecum
b) Foramen spinosum
c) Foraen ovale
a) Foraen cecum
c) Foraen ovale
Which arteries are direct branch of femoral artery?
deep femoral artery
What the function of gluteus maximus?
Extension of the hip joint
Short head of biceps femoris is innervated by?
Common fibular nerve
Which bones make up the ulnar eminence?
pisiform, hook of hamate
which nerve innervates palatoglossus?
vagus nerve
which nerve is direct branch of the trigeminal nerve?
mandibular nerve
which bones make up the lambdoid suture?
occipital, parietal
Which nerve innervates palatoglossus?
vagus nerve
Which nerve is direct branch of the trigeminal nerve?
mandibular nerve
Which bones make up the lambdoid suture?
occipital, parietal
Which bone has the transverse sinus?
occipital bone
which part of the temporal bone has the trigeminal impression?
petrous part
which structure is the border between anterior and middle cranial fossa?
lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Which are the characteristic of the multiaxial joint?
voluntary or involuntary rotation ,circumduction
Which joints have the articular disk?
sternoclavicular, ulnocarpal, temporomandibular
which structures make up the articulation of the humeroulnar joint?
trochlear, trochlear notch
which muscles are the flexor of the elbow joint?
biceps brachii, brachialis
What forms the choanae?
- Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
- Medial lamina of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
- vomer
- Body of sphenoid (?)
What can be found in carotid triangle?
- Internal and external carotid arteries (common carotid),
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Vagus nerve
- Accessory nerve
- Sympathetic trunk
What features can be found on the posterior surface of the pyramid of temporal bone?
Petrous part,
- Internal acoustic meatus
- Petrous apex
+
Which part of the diaphragm is the pathway of azygos vein?
Intermediate hiatus
Which structures are the contents of lacuna lymphatica?
Rosenmüller lymph nodes
+
What is the insertion of temporalis?
Ramus and coronoid process of the mandible
At which level is the aortic hiatus located?
T12 /L1
What is the origin of rectus capitis posterior major?
Spinous process of axis
What is the origin of rectus capitis posterior minor?
Posterior tubercle of atlas
What is the superior border of inguinal canal?
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
What is the inferior border of inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament
What is the anterior border of inguinal canal?
- Aponeurosis of external oblique
- Aponeurosis of internal oblique
What is the posterior border of inguinal canal?
- Transversalis fascia
What is the superior border of inguinal canal?
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Where does the indirect inguinal hernia start from?
Deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
What is the inferior border of inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament
Where does the direct inguinal hernia start from?
Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
What are the inferior borders of the orbital cavity?
- Body of Maxilla
- Inferior orbital fissure
- Infraorbital canal and groove
- Body of sphenoid
- Orbital process of palatine bone (perpendicular part)
Which structures are connection of pterygopalatine fossa?
sphenopalatine foramen, foramen rotundum, pterygomaxillary fissure, pterygoid canal
What are the inferior border of the nasal cavity?
- Palatine process of Maxilla
- The horizontal plate of palatine
What are the superior borders of the nasal cavity?
- Nasal bones
- The nasal part of frontal bone
- Cribriform plate of the ethmoid
- sphenoidal crest
What are the lateral border of the nasal cavity?
- The medial plate of pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
- Frontal process of Maxilla
- Ethmoid bone (Nasal concha)
- Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
- Inferior nasal concha
What formes the medial wall of the nasal cavity? (Nasal septum)
- Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
- Sphenoidal crest of the sphenoid bone
- Vomer
(- Nasal crest of Maxilla)
Inferior border of carotid triangle?
S: post. Nelly of digastric
A: sup belly of omohyoid
P: scm
When does the anterior fontanelle close?
Ca 2 years after birth
Where is the sternal angle?
Inferior to manubrium and superior to body of sternum
What is gliding movement of the TMJ joint?
Translation movement (?)
Which muscles insert via aponeurosis?
Abdominal oblique?
What ligament connects atlas to foramen magnum?
Longitudinal bands of cruciate/ cruciform ligament
What muscle connect to the thoracolumbar fascia?
Erector spinae
What artery gives rise to the deep plantar artery?
The dorsalis pedis artery begins as the anterior tibial artery enters the foot. It passes over the dorsal aspect of the tarsal bones, then moves inferiorly, towards the sole of the foot. It then anastomoses with the lateral plantar artery to form the deep plantar arch.
What is true for a saddle joint?
A saddle joint is a synovial joint where one of the bones forming the joint is shaped like a saddle with the other bone resting on it like a rider on a horse. Saddle joints provide stability to the bones while providing more flexibility than a hinge or gliding joint.
Which bone is highest in the transverse arch of the foot?
Talus (?)
Posterior border of carotid triangle?
Sternocleido mastoid
Which nerve is innervating the extensors of the leg?
Tibial nerve
Which carpal bone forms the joint of the thumb?
Trapezium
Innervation of scalene muscles?
Direct branches from cervical plexus and brachial plexus
What is a bipennate muscle?
a muscle with a central tendon toward which the fibers converge on either side like the barbs of a feather
Eg. 3rd lumbrical
What is the borders of Guyons canal?
Roof: Volar carpal ligament
Floor: transverse carpal ligament.
The radial border has the Hook of Hamate, and the medial border is composed of pisiform bone along with pisohamate ligament.
What is the content of Guyons canal?
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
What is the location of popliteal artery?
Popliteal fossa
It is named when the femoral artery is coming out of the popliteal fossa and switching m name to the Tibioperoneal trunk before it is dividing into tibial and peroneal artery
Functions of masseter muscle?
Elevates and protrudes the mandible
Peroneus tertius corresponds to?
It is a part of the extensor digitorum longus.
It is in the anterior compartment of the leg. Together with the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus.
Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis are in the lateral compartment.
What are the borders of the intervertebral foramen?
The intervertebral foramen is bordered by the superior notch of the adjacent vertebra, the inferior notch of the vertebra, the intervertebral joint and the intervertebral disc.
Which nerve innervates the masseter muscle?
CN V (Trigeminal nerve) 3rd branch -> Mandibular nerve
Which muscles contributes to the movement of opening the mouth?
Lateral pterygoid is the ONLY one
Which bone forms the optic canal?
Sphenoid bone
What is the content of cubital fossa?
TAN
Tendon of biceps brachii
Brachial artery
Median nerve
What is pierced by the radial nerve?
Supinator muscle
Where can costal processes be found?
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
What are the muscles of expiration?
No one.
(Forced respiration) - internal intercostals, rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, transversus abdominis
Origin of rectus capitis posterior major?
Spinous process of axis
Muscle originating from thoracolumbar fascia?
?
Origin of rectus capitis posterior minor?
Posterior tubercle of atlas
What ligament connects axis to foramen magnum?
Alar ligament
