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BDS3 ANATOMY > THE NECK > Flashcards

THE NECK Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 VERTICAL COLUMNS OF THE NECK

A

visceral compartment (anterior)
vascular compartment (medial lateral) (2)
vertebral compartment (posterior)

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2
Q

FASCIA

A

thin casing of connective tissue
provides containment and protection and allows small degree of movement so structures can slide over one another

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3
Q

WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE VISCERAL COMPARTMENT

A

trachea, oesophagus, thyroid and parathyroids

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4
Q

WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE VASCULAR COMPARTMENT

A

one either side of midline
contains various blood vessels and nerves including the CCA, IJV and vagus nerve (CN X)

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5
Q

WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE VERTEBRAL COMPARTMENT

A

cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, neck and back muscles , cervical nerves

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6
Q

WHERE IS SUPERFICIAL FASCIA FOUND

A

under the skin of the neck surrounding its entirety
contains cutaneous nerves, blood vessels and anterolaterally the platysma muscle

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7
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF DEEP FASCIA AND WHERE ARE THEY FOUND

A

investing - encloses muscles e.g SCM and trapezius , also submandibular and parotid glands
pretracheal - limited to anterior neck and has 2 parts - muscular (encloses infrahyoids) and visceral (encloses trachea , oesophagus and thyroid)
prevertebral - surrounds vertebral compartment and pre and post vertebral muscles e.g scalenes

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8
Q

CAROTID SHEATH

A

surrounds vascular compartment
blends/ has boundaries with all 3 deep fascias
connects cranial cavity with mediastinum

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9
Q

BORDERS OF ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

inferior border of mandible , midline of neck , anterior border of SCM

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10
Q

BORDERS OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

posterior border of SCM , middle 1/3 of clavicle , anterior border of trapezius

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11
Q

WHAT IS THE AREA BETWEEN THE TWO HEADS OF SCM KNOWN AS

A

subclavicular fossa

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12
Q

HOW CAN THE POSTERIOR TRIANGLE BE FURTHER DIVIDED

A

split in two by the inferior belly of omohyoid as a boundary
- occipital triangle (superior)
- omoclavicular triangle (inferior)

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13
Q

SCM
- origin
- insertion
- innervation
- action

A
  • origin -
    sternal head = manubrium
    calvicular head = mid 1/3 clavicle
  • insertion - lateral surface of mastoid process and superior nuchal line
  • innervation - CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
  • action - draws head forward (bilateral action) and tilts head to ipsilateral shoulder (unilateral action)
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14
Q

TRAPEZIUS
- origin
- insertion
- innervation
- action

A
  • origin - superior nuchal line , ligementum nuchae , external occipital protuberance and spinous processes (c7-C12)
  • insertion - lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromium process and spine of scapula
  • innervation - CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
  • action - assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerous
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15
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 SUBDIVISIONS OF THE ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

submental , submandibular , carotid , muscular

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 SUPRAHYOIDS

A

mylohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 INFRAHYOIDS

A

sternothyroid
sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

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18
Q

MYLOHYOID MUSCLE
- origin
- insertion
- action

A

suprahyoid
- mylohyoid line on mandible (bony ridge on internal surface of body)
- body of hyoid
- elevates hyoid

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19
Q

DIGASTIRC MUSCLE
- origin
- insertion
- action

A

suprahyoid
- has anterior and posterior bellies
anterior :
o - digastric fossa on lower medial mandible
i = intermediate tendon at hyoid
posterior :
o = mastoid notch on medial side of mastoid process
i = intermediate tendon at hyoid
both elevate the hyoid

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20
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE MYLOHYOID AND DIGASTRIC MUSCLES

A

CN V3 via inferior alveolar nerve innervates mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
CN VII via digastric branch innervates posterior belly

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21
Q

WHAT DO THE INFRAHYOIDS DO

A

depress or fix hyoid bone

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21
Q

WHAT DO THE SUPRAHYOIDS DO

A

elevate hyoid bone during swallowing and aid larynx tone production

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22
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 SUBDIVISIONS OF THE INFRAHYOIDS

A

superficial - sternohyoid , omohyoid
deep - sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

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23
Q

OMOHYOID MUSCLE
ORIGIN AND INSERTION

A

has inferior and superior bellies connected via an intermediate tendon
superior belly runs from lateral body of hyoid to tendon and inferior runs from tendon to superior border of scapula

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24
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE INFRAHYOIDS

A

sternothyroid, sternohyoid and omohyoid by ansa cervicalis
thyrohyoid by anterior rami of C1

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25
Q

WHAT NECK COMPARTMENT IS THE THYROID GLAND FOUND IN

A

visceral

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26
Q

WHERE IS THE THYROID GLAND LOCATED

A

in the neck - extends from thyroid cartilage superiorly to 5th tracheal ring
composed of two lobes R and L connected via isthmus (some people have additional pyramidal lobe in the centre)

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27
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY AND VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE THYROID

A

arterial - superior and inferior thyroid arteries
venous - superior, inferior and middle thyroid veins

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28
Q

PARATHYROID GLANDS LOCATION AND VASCULATURE

A

4 glands located on posterior surface of thyroid gland in majority of ptx
arterial - inferior thyroid arteries
venous - superior middle and anterior inferior thyroid veins

29
Q

BOUNDARIES OF CAROTID TRIANGLE IN ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF NECK

A

superior belly of omohyoid , anterior border of SCM and posterior belly of digastric

30
Q

CONTENTS OF CAROTID TRIANGLE

A

thyroid , larynx , pharynx , carotid sheath + contents , ansa cervicalis

31
Q

3 MAIN CONTENTS OF CAROTID SHEATH AND THEIR LOCATION

A

common carotid medially , IJV laterally and vagus nerve posteriorly

32
Q

WHERE IS ANSA CERVICALIS USUALLY FOUND

A

lying on / embedded in anterolateral portion of carotid sheath
may appear to be on IJV

33
Q

WHERE DO THE RIGHT AND LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES ARISE FROM

A

right - branch of brachiocephalic trunk
left - direct branch from aortic arch

34
Q

WHERE DOES THE CCA BRANCH INTO ICA AND ECA

A

branches at level of C3/4 (superior border of thyroid cartilage)

35
Q

CAROTID SINUS

A

enlargement in bifurcation of CCA containing baroreceptors in wall of ICA
baroreceptors sensitive to stretch therefore important in monitoring BP

36
Q

CAROTID BODY

A

small organ which houses chemoreceptors located at bifurcation of CCA next to carotid sinus
chemoreceptors monitor blood O2 , CO2 and pH , they respond more in emergency situations than at rest

37
Q

INNERVATION OF CAROTID BODY AND SINUS

A

CN X and CN IX
(vagus and glossopharyngeal)

38
Q

8 branches of ECA

A

ascending pharyngeal (medial)
occipital , posterior auricular (posterior )
facial , lingual , superior thyroid (anterior)
maxillary , superficial temporal (terminating)

39
Q

WHAT AREA DOES THE ECA SUPPLY

A

scalp and face

40
Q

7 veins draining into IJV

A

(some parallel to ECA branches)
inferior petrosal sinus
pharyngeal
occipital
facial
lingual
superior thyroid
middle thyroid

41
Q

HOW DOES THE IJV END

A

joins with subclavian vein to become braciocephalic vein (L and R)
inferior end dilates to form the inferior bulb of IJV which houses a valve preventing backflow

42
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES DOES THE IJV DRAIN BLOOD FROM

A

brain. , skull , some face and neck

43
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES DOES THE EJV DRAIN BLOOD FROM

A

scalp and face

44
Q

WHERE IS THE EJV FOUND

A

running superficial to SCM from angle of mandible (where retromandibular and posterior auricular veins join) to mid clavicle

45
Q

4 VEINS DRAINING INTO EJV

A

posterior external jugular
transverse cervical
suprascapular
anterior jugular ( arise near hyoid and run R and L of midline)

46
Q

WHAT DOES ANSA CERVICALIS INNERVATE

A

infrahyoids
ansa cervicalis = loop originating from anterior rami of c1 to c3

47
Q

WHAT DOES THE CERVICAL PLEXUS INNERVATE

A

infrahyoids, diaphragm , anterior and lateral neck skin

48
Q

AT WHAT POINT DOES THE SUBCLAVIAN VASCULAR STRUCTURES NAME CHANGE TO AXILLARY

A

at the lateral border of the 1st rib

49
Q

WHAT DOES THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS INNERVATE

A

forms 3 trunks that innervate upper limbs
trunks run inbetween anterior scalene and scalene mass

50
Q

PARIETAL PLEURA

A

lines inner aspect of thoracic cavity

51
Q

VISCERAL PLEURA

A

lines lung itself

52
Q

CERVICALPLEURA

A

superior continutation of parietal pleura which forms cup like dome called pleural cupola

53
Q

SUPRAPLEURAL MEMBRANE (SIBSONS FASCIA)

A

reinforces cervical pleura and prevents changes in intrathoracic pressure

54
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

A

pre (anterior) scalene, posterior to anterior scalene, lateral to anterior scalene

55
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 BRANCHES OF THE PRE SCALENE PORTION OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

A

VIT C D
Vertebral artery
Internal Thoracic artery
Thyrocervical Trunk

56
Q

THYROCERVICAL TRUNK

A

branch of the pre scalene portion of the subclavian artery
gives off inferior thyroid artery which supplies viscera of neck and thyroid gland
also gives of transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery

57
Q

WHAT IS THE BRANCH THAT COMES OFF THE 2ND PART OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

A

costocervical trunk
VITCD

58
Q

WHAT IS THE BRANCH THAT COMES OFF THE 3rd PART OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

A

dorsal scapular
VIT CD

59
Q

SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
- ORIGIN
- CONTRIBUTOR
- END

A
  • originates from the axillary vein
  • only contributor is the EJV
  • unites with IJV to form the brachiocephalic vein
60
Q

THORACIC DUCT

A

major lymphatic drainage channel
enters venous system between IJV and subclavian vein

61
Q

TWO GROUPS OF PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES

A

anterior and posterior

62
Q

ANTERIOR PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES

A

longus coli (flexes neck)
longus capitis
rectus capitis anterior
anterior scalene
(allflex head)

63
Q

POSTERIOR PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES

A

rectus capitis lateralis
splenius capitis
(flex head)
scalene mass (flex neck)
levator scapulae (lifts scapula)

64
Q

ROOF OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

deep cervical fascia (investing layer) , platysma , superficial fascia and skin

65
Q

FLOOR OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

prevertebral fascia surrounding muscles at floor of traingle (scalenes , levator scapulae and splenius capitis)

66
Q

WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

trunks (3) run between anterior scalene and scalene mass in posterior triangle of neck

67
Q

WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE IN A DISSECTION OF THE NECK

A

In the posterior triangle , runs posteriorly to both SCM and trapezius. Can be seen running obliquely between these two muscles superiorly to inferiorly

68
Q

WHAT ARE THE SENSORY BRANCHES OF THE CERVICAL PLEXUS

A

greater auricular , lesser occipital , transverse cervical and supraclavicular

69
Q

WHAT ARE THE MOTOR BRANCHES OF THE CERVICAL PLEXUS

A

ansa cervicalis and the phrenic nerve

70
Q

WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE EJV

A

crossing the SCM , drains into subclavian vein

71
Q

WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN

A

run either side of midline
drain into EJV

BDS3 ANATOMY (15 decks)

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