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BDS3 ANATOMY > THE NECK > Flashcards

THE NECK Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 VERTICAL COLUMNS OF THE NECK

A

visceral compartment (anterior)
vascular compartment (medial lateral) (2)
vertebral compartment (posterior)

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2
Q

FASCIA

A

thin casing of connective tissue
provides containment and protection and allows small degree of movement so structures can slide over one another

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3
Q

WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE VISCERAL COMPARTMENT

A

trachea, oesophagus, thyroid and parathyroids

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4
Q

WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE VASCULAR COMPARTMENT

A

one either side of midline
contains various blood vessels and nerves including the CCA, IJV and vagus nerve (CN X)

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5
Q

WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE VERTEBRAL COMPARTMENT

A

cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, neck and back muscles , cervical nerves

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6
Q

WHERE IS SUPERFICIAL FASCIA FOUND

A

under the skin of the neck surrounding its entirety
contains cutaneous nerves, blood vessels and anterolaterally the platysma muscle

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7
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF DEEP FASCIA AND WHERE ARE THEY FOUND

A

investing - encloses muscles e.g SCM and trapezius , also submandibular and parotid glands
pretracheal - limited to anterior neck and has 2 parts - muscular (encloses infrahyoids) and visceral (encloses trachea , oesophagus and thyroid)
prevertebral - surrounds vertebral compartment and pre and post vertebral muscles e.g scalenes

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8
Q

CAROTID SHEATH

A

surrounds vascular compartment
blends/ has boundaries with all 3 deep fascias
connects cranial cavity with mediastinum

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9
Q

BORDERS OF ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

inferior border of mandible , midline of neck , anterior border of SCM

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10
Q

BORDERS OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

posterior border of SCM , middle 1/3 of clavicle , anterior border of trapezius

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11
Q

WHAT IS THE AREA BETWEEN THE TWO HEADS OF SCM KNOWN AS

A

subclavicular fossa

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12
Q

HOW CAN THE POSTERIOR TRIANGLE BE FURTHER DIVIDED

A

split in two by the inferior belly of omohyoid as a boundary
- occipital triangle (superior)
- omoclavicular triangle (inferior)

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13
Q

SCM
- origin
- insertion
- innervation
- action

A
  • origin -
    sternal head = manubrium
    calvicular head = mid 1/3 clavicle
  • insertion - lateral surface of mastoid process and superior nuchal line
  • innervation - CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
  • action - draws head forward (bilateral action) and tilts head to ipsilateral shoulder (unilateral action)
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14
Q

TRAPEZIUS
- origin
- insertion
- innervation
- action

A
  • origin - superior nuchal line , ligementum nuchae , external occipital protuberance and spinous processes (c7-C12)
  • insertion - lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromium process and spine of scapula
  • innervation - CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
  • action - assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerous
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15
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 SUBDIVISIONS OF THE ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

A

submental , submandibular , carotid , muscular

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 SUPRAHYOIDS

A

mylohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 INFRAHYOIDS

A

sternothyroid
sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

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18
Q

MYLOHYOID MUSCLE
- origin
- insertion
- action

A

suprahyoid
- mylohyoid line on mandible (bony ridge on internal surface of body)
- body of hyoid
- elevates hyoid

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19
Q

DIGASTIRC MUSCLE
- origin
- insertion
- action

A

suprahyoid
- has anterior and posterior bellies
anterior :
o - digastric fossa on lower medial mandible
i = intermediate tendon at hyoid
posterior :
o = mastoid notch on medial side of mastoid process
i = intermediate tendon at hyoid
both elevate the hyoid

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20
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE MYLOHYOID AND DIGASTRIC MUSCLES

A

CN V3 via inferior alveolar nerve innervates mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
CN VII via digastric branch innervates posterior belly

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21
Q

WHAT DO THE INFRAHYOIDS DO

A

depress or fix hyoid bone

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21
Q

WHAT DO THE SUPRAHYOIDS DO

A

elevate hyoid bone during swallowing and aid larynx tone production

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22
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 SUBDIVISIONS OF THE INFRAHYOIDS

A

superficial - sternohyoid , omohyoid
deep - sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

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23
Q

OMOHYOID MUSCLE
ORIGIN AND INSERTION

A

has inferior and superior bellies connected via an intermediate tendon
superior belly runs from lateral body of hyoid to tendon and inferior runs from tendon to superior border of scapula

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24
WHAT INNERVATES THE INFRAHYOIDS
sternothyroid, sternohyoid and omohyoid by ansa cervicalis thyrohyoid by anterior rami of C1
25
WHAT NECK COMPARTMENT IS THE THYROID GLAND FOUND IN
visceral
26
WHERE IS THE THYROID GLAND LOCATED
in the neck - extends from thyroid cartilage superiorly to 5th tracheal ring composed of two lobes R and L connected via isthmus (some people have additional pyramidal lobe in the centre)
27
ARTERIAL SUPPLY AND VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE THYROID
arterial - superior and inferior thyroid arteries venous - superior, inferior and middle thyroid veins
28
PARATHYROID GLANDS LOCATION AND VASCULATURE
4 glands located on posterior surface of thyroid gland in majority of ptx arterial - inferior thyroid arteries venous - superior middle and anterior inferior thyroid veins
29
BOUNDARIES OF CAROTID TRIANGLE IN ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF NECK
superior belly of omohyoid , anterior border of SCM and posterior belly of digastric
30
CONTENTS OF CAROTID TRIANGLE
thyroid , larynx , pharynx , carotid sheath + contents , ansa cervicalis
31
3 MAIN CONTENTS OF CAROTID SHEATH AND THEIR LOCATION
common carotid medially , IJV laterally and vagus nerve posteriorly
32
WHERE IS ANSA CERVICALIS USUALLY FOUND
lying on / embedded in anterolateral portion of carotid sheath may appear to be on IJV
33
WHERE DO THE RIGHT AND LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES ARISE FROM
right - branch of brachiocephalic trunk left - direct branch from aortic arch
34
WHERE DOES THE CCA BRANCH INTO ICA AND ECA
branches at level of C3/4 (superior border of thyroid cartilage)
35
CAROTID SINUS
enlargement in bifurcation of CCA containing baroreceptors in wall of ICA baroreceptors sensitive to stretch therefore important in monitoring BP
36
CAROTID BODY
small organ which houses chemoreceptors located at bifurcation of CCA next to carotid sinus chemoreceptors monitor blood O2 , CO2 and pH , they respond more in emergency situations than at rest
37
INNERVATION OF CAROTID BODY AND SINUS
CN X and CN IX (vagus and glossopharyngeal)
38
8 branches of ECA
ascending pharyngeal (medial) occipital , posterior auricular (posterior ) facial , lingual , superior thyroid (anterior) maxillary , superficial temporal (terminating)
39
WHAT AREA DOES THE ECA SUPPLY
scalp and face
40
7 veins draining into IJV
(some parallel to ECA branches) inferior petrosal sinus pharyngeal occipital facial lingual superior thyroid middle thyroid
41
HOW DOES THE IJV END
joins with subclavian vein to become braciocephalic vein (L and R) inferior end dilates to form the inferior bulb of IJV which houses a valve preventing backflow
42
WHAT STRUCTURES DOES THE IJV DRAIN BLOOD FROM
brain. , skull , some face and neck
43
WHAT STRUCTURES DOES THE EJV DRAIN BLOOD FROM
scalp and face
44
WHERE IS THE EJV FOUND
running superficial to SCM from angle of mandible (where retromandibular and posterior auricular veins join) to mid clavicle
45
4 VEINS DRAINING INTO EJV
posterior external jugular transverse cervical suprascapular anterior jugular ( arise near hyoid and run R and L of midline)
46
WHAT DOES ANSA CERVICALIS INNERVATE
infrahyoids ansa cervicalis = loop originating from anterior rami of c1 to c3
47
WHAT DOES THE CERVICAL PLEXUS INNERVATE
infrahyoids, diaphragm , anterior and lateral neck skin
48
AT WHAT POINT DOES THE SUBCLAVIAN VASCULAR STRUCTURES NAME CHANGE TO AXILLARY
at the lateral border of the 1st rib
49
WHAT DOES THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS INNERVATE
forms 3 trunks that innervate upper limbs trunks run inbetween anterior scalene and scalene mass
50
PARIETAL PLEURA
lines inner aspect of thoracic cavity
51
VISCERAL PLEURA
lines lung itself
52
CERVICALPLEURA
superior continutation of parietal pleura which forms cup like dome called pleural cupola
53
SUPRAPLEURAL MEMBRANE (SIBSONS FASCIA)
reinforces cervical pleura and prevents changes in intrathoracic pressure
54
WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
pre (anterior) scalene, posterior to anterior scalene, lateral to anterior scalene
55
WHAT ARE THE 3 BRANCHES OF THE PRE SCALENE PORTION OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
VIT C D Vertebral artery Internal Thoracic artery Thyrocervical Trunk
56
THYROCERVICAL TRUNK
branch of the pre scalene portion of the subclavian artery gives off inferior thyroid artery which supplies viscera of neck and thyroid gland also gives of transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery
57
WHAT IS THE BRANCH THAT COMES OFF THE 2ND PART OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
costocervical trunk VITCD
58
WHAT IS THE BRANCH THAT COMES OFF THE 3rd PART OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
dorsal scapular VIT CD
59
SUBCLAVIAN VEIN - ORIGIN - CONTRIBUTOR - END
- originates from the axillary vein - only contributor is the EJV - unites with IJV to form the brachiocephalic vein
60
THORACIC DUCT
major lymphatic drainage channel enters venous system between IJV and subclavian vein
61
TWO GROUPS OF PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES
anterior and posterior
62
ANTERIOR PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES
longus coli (flexes neck) longus capitis rectus capitis anterior anterior scalene (allflex head)
63
POSTERIOR PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES
rectus capitis lateralis splenius capitis (flex head) scalene mass (flex neck) levator scapulae (lifts scapula)
64
ROOF OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
deep cervical fascia (investing layer) , platysma , superficial fascia and skin
65
FLOOR OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
prevertebral fascia surrounding muscles at floor of traingle (scalenes , levator scapulae and splenius capitis)
66
WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS
trunks (3) run between anterior scalene and scalene mass in posterior triangle of neck
67
WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE IN A DISSECTION OF THE NECK
In the posterior triangle , runs posteriorly to both SCM and trapezius. Can be seen running obliquely between these two muscles superiorly to inferiorly
68
WHAT ARE THE SENSORY BRANCHES OF THE CERVICAL PLEXUS
greater auricular , lesser occipital , transverse cervical and supraclavicular
69
WHAT ARE THE MOTOR BRANCHES OF THE CERVICAL PLEXUS
ansa cervicalis and the phrenic nerve
70
WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE EJV
crossing the SCM , drains into subclavian vein
71
WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN
run either side of midline drain into EJV

BDS3 ANATOMY (15 decks)

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