Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 ANATOMY > CRANIUM > Flashcards

CRANIUM Flashcards

1
Q

SCALP ACRONYM

A

s - skin - outermost layer
c - connective tissue dense - subcutaneous layer rich in neurovascular structures
a - epicranial aponeurosis - tough layer containing muscle attachments
l - loose connective tissue - allows free movement of outer layers, contains spaces susceptible to distension
p - pericranium - external periosteum of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

VIA WHAT CAN INFECTION SPREAD FROM LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE INTO BRAIN OR EYELIDS/NOSE

A

brain - emissary nerves
nose/eyelids - frontal belly of occipitofrontalis inserts into skin not bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WHAT NERVE SUPPLIES SENSATION TO ANTERIOR SCALP AND ENTIRE FACE

A

CN V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WHAT NERVE SUPPLIES SENSATION TO POSTERIOR OF SCALP , HEAD AND ANGLE OF MANDIBLE

A

cervical nerves 2 and 3 (C2 AND C3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO ANTERIOR SCALP

A

ICA via opthalmic branch branches supraorbital and supratrochlear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO POSTERIOR AND LATERAL SCALP

A

ECA via superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF SCALP

A

veins have same names as arteries - supraorbital , supratrochlear, superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital
all drain into EJV except occipital which drains into IJV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTOMOSES

A

direct connections between small arteries and veins
prevalent in scalp and lie superficially so can bleed profusely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
- occupied by
- bones in make up

A

occupied by frontal lobes,
shallowest part of cranial base,
made up by frontal ethmoid and sphenoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
- occupied by
- bones in make up
- structures surrounding pituitary gland

A

occupied by temporal lobe
made up by sphenoid and temporal bones.
pituitary gland surrounded by 4 clinoid processes (at corners) and 2 superior projections anteriorly (tuberculum sellae) and posteriorly (dorsum sellae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FORAMINA PRESENT IN MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA

A

superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

FORAMEN LACERUM

A

found in dry skulls in the middle cranial fossa
closed by cartilage in real life

located close to midline on each side outwith cresent of foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
- occupied by
- bones made up of

A

occupied by brainstem and cerebellum
made up of sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CLIVUS

A

flat portion of bone anterior to foramen magnum in posterior cranial fossa that protects brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL

A

found in posterior cranial fossa , where hypoglossal nerve (CNVII) enters/exits

found just lateral to foramen magnum , slightly hidden by bone from superior view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WHAT ENTERS/EXITS THROUGH JUGULAR FORAMEN

A

jugular foramen found in posterior cranial fossa
IJVs, CN IX, X, XI

lateral to foramen magnum , decent sized foramina , posterior to internal acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

BUTTRESES

A

thicker portions of cranial bone that transmit forces around and away from weaker areas e.g nasal cavity and orbit
buttresses - zygomatic , frontonasal, occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MENINGES

A

membranous layers that protect the brain
3 layers: dura mater , arachnoid mater, pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DURA MATER

A

outermost layer of meninges
has 2 layers
- periosteal - attached to bone
- meningeal - in contact with arachnoid layer
layers separated by venous sinuses and dural folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ARACHNOID MATER

A

lines dura mater
trabecular projections from arachnoid mater through arachnoid space to pia mater present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SUBARACHNOID SPACE

A

space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
filled with CSF and blood vessels
CSF reabsorbed back into venous circulations via arachnoid granulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PIA MATER

A

thin membrane that covers brain surface and enters sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 MAIN DURA MATER FOLDS

A

falx cerebri - largest , longitudanal
falx cerebelli - smallest, between cerebellumlobes
tentrorium cerebelli - forms roof over cerebellum
diaphragma sellae - covers sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

WHAT ARTERY SUPPLIES THE DURA AND CALVARIA

A

meningeal arteries - found periosteal layer of dura mater
middle meningeal artery = main artery supply (branch of maxillary and therefore ECA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

WHAT SEPARATES AND WHAT CONNECTS THE 2 BRAIN HEMISPHERES

A

separated - longitudanal cerebral fissure and the falx cerebri
connects - corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

WHITE AND GREY MATTER COMPOSITION OF BRAIN

A

outer surface of brain (cerebral cortex) = grey matter (non myelinated cell bodies)
inner surface = white matter (myelinated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 LOBES OF EACH HEMISPHERE OF THE CEREBRUM

A

frontal , parietal , occipital ,temporal

28
Q

WHAT IS THE 5TH LOBE OF THE CEREBRUM AND WHERE IS IT FOUND

A

insula
found deep to lateral sulcus

29
Q

WHAT UNITES THE 2 HEMISPHERES OF THE CEREBELLUM

A

vermis

30
Q

FUNCTION OF CEREBELLUM

A

balance and movement control of ipsilateral side

31
Q

WHAT 3 PARTS MAKE UP THE BRAINSTEM AND WHAT ARE THEIR ASSOSCIATED CRANIAL NERVES

A

midbrain - CN III AND IV
pons - CN V
medulla - CN IX, X , XII

32
Q

DIENCEPHALON

A

central core of brain , composed of thalamus , hypothalamus and epithalamus

33
Q

WHAT SEPARATES THE FRONTAL AND PARIETAL LOBES OF CEREBRUM

A

central sulcus

34
Q

WHAT DOES THE LATERAL SULCUS SEPARATE

A

separates parietal and frontal lobes from temporal

35
Q

WHAT SEPARATES THE PARIETAL AND OCCIPITAL LOBES ON THE MEDIAL SURFACE

A

parieto occipital sulcus

36
Q

BROCAS AREA

A

involved in speech production
found in frontal lobe

37
Q

FUNCTION OF PARIETAL LOBE

A

processes sensory info

38
Q

FUNCTION OF OCCIPITAL LOBE

A

visual processing

39
Q

INTERNAL CAPSULE

A

can be viewed in transverse/ horizontal sections
forms a v shape around the lentiform nucleus
posterior limb separates lentiform nucleus and thalamus
anterior limb separates lentiform nucleus and caudate nucleus

pathway for information to and from the cerebral cortex

40
Q

BASAL NUCLEI (GANGLIA)

A

group of 5 nuclei found deep in the brain involved in motor nuclei

41
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS

A

connected to pituitary via pituitary stalk
neuroendocrine gland, controls release of some pituitary hormones

42
Q

PITUITARY GLAND

A

Gland with anterior and posterior parts
releases hormones such as growth , thyroid stimulating and follicle stimulating

43
Q

ACROMEGALY

A

excess growth hormone from pituitary
may present as gaps between teeth due to increase in jaw size

44
Q

WHAT SECRETES CSF

A

choroid plexuses of ventricles

45
Q

HOW MANY VENTRICLES ARE IN THE BRAIN

A

4
2 lateral ventricles ,one in each hemisphere
2 midline ventricles , known as 3rd and 4th , connected by cerebral aqueduct

46
Q

WHAT DRAINS CSF BACK INTO VENOUS SYSTEM

A

arachnoid villi and granulations

47
Q

SPINAL CORD WHITE AND GREY MATTER ARRANGEMENT

A

white matter exterior grey matter interior

48
Q

DORSAL AND VENTRAL

A

dorsal = posterior
ventral = anterior

49
Q

HOW ARE SPINAL NERVES NAMED

A

cervical nerves named according to vertebrae below
all other spinal nerves according to vertebrae above

50
Q

WHAT LEAVES THROUGH ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR HORNS OF THE SPINAL CORD

A

anterior - efferent motor
posterior - afferent sensory

51
Q

MYOTOMES AND DERMATOMES

A

areas supplied by a specific area of the brain
myotome - anatomically and functionally related groups of muscle
dermatome - localised area of skin

52
Q

WHAT FORMS THE BASILAR ARTERY

A

joining of the two vertebral arteries which are branches of the pre scalene division of the subclavian
vertebral arteries join at level of pons

53
Q

WHERE ARE THE MIDDLE AND ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERIES FROM

A

branches of the internal carotid artery

54
Q

WHAT DOES THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS SURROUND

A

surrounds the pituitary stalk and optic chiasma

55
Q

MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY
- what does it supply
- what would a stroke affect

A

majority of lateral view of brain, large middle bit
stroke would affect speech , face and upper limbs

56
Q

ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
- what does it supply
- what would a stroke affect

A

supplies frontal and middle of brain from medial view and frontal edges from lateral
stroke would affect lower limbs and personality

57
Q

POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
- what does it supply
- what would a stroke affect

A

posterior and inferior section of medial view and these edges of lateral view
stroke would affect vision

58
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY OF MENINGES

A

main supply from ECA via meningeal branches of primary branches
main = middle meningeal branch of maxillary artery

59
Q

DURAL VENOUS SINUSES

A

spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura
numerous veins empty into them

60
Q

FUNCTION OF DURAL VENOUS SINUSES

A

drain deoxygenated blood back into IJV
aid CSF circulation by resorption via arachnoid granulations

61
Q

WHAT ARE THE 8 MAJOR DURAL VENOUS SINUSES

A

superior saggital
inferior saggital
straight
transverse
sigmoid
superior petrosal
inferior petrosal
cavernous

62
Q

CONFLUENCE OF SINUSES

A

sees meeting of superior saggital , inferior saggital , straight and transverse sinuses

63
Q

WHAT SINUS RUNS AROUND SELLA TURCICA

A

cavernous dural venous sinus , lots of little channels

64
Q

RISK OF INFECTION IN ‘DANGER TRIANGLE’

A

infection in danger triangle of face can spread into cavernous sinus (where blood flow is slow)
sees multiplication of bacteria and therefore blockage
symptoms = fever and swollen eye

65
Q

EXTRADURAL HEMATOMA

A

(pool of clotted blood)
between dura and bone
caused by a middle meningeal artery rupture

65
Q

SUBDURAL HEMATOMA

A

(pool of clotted blood)
between dura and arachnoid
caused by ruptured veins assossciated with old age

66
Q

SUBARACHNOID HAEMMORHAGE

A

usually caused by aneurysm in one of circle of willis vessels

BDS3 ANATOMY (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions