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BDS3 ANATOMY > PHARYNX / LARYNX > Flashcards

PHARYNX / LARYNX Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 DIVISIONS OF THE PHARYNX

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE NASOPHARYNX

A

extends from posterior border of nasal septum to the soft palate

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3
Q

WHAT EPITHELIUM IS THE NASOPHARYNX LINED WITH

A

respiratory epithelium - ciliated columnar

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4
Q

WHAT ORIFICE IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE NASOPHARYNX

A

orifice of pharyngotympanic tube - opening to middle ear

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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE OROPHARYNX

A

soft palate to superior border of epiglottis

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6
Q

WHAT EPITHELIUM IS THE OROPHARYNX LINES WITH

A

same as oral cavity - stratified squamous

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7
Q

VALLECULA

A

small recess between posterior 1/3 of tongue and epiglottis - small bits of food/ fishbones may get trapped here

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8
Q

BOUNDARIES OF THE LARYNGOPHARYNX

A

superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

HOW DOES THE LARYNGOPHARYNX AND LARYNX COMMUNICATE

A

laryngeal inlet

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10
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 PAIRS OF TONSILS AND WHERE ARE THEY FOUND

A

pharyngeal tonsils - nasopharynx
tubal tonsils - nasopharynx
palatine tonsils - fauces/ oropharynx
lingual tonsils - posterior 1/3 of tongue

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11
Q

WHAT IS THE INTERIOR OF THE PHARYNX LINES WITH

A

Stiff fascia known as pharyngobasilar fascia

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12
Q

WHERE ARE THE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS FOUND

A

found wrapping around pharynx, all (superior, middle and inferior) are bilateral and meet at the posterior of pharynx at the pharyngeal raphe

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13
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

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14
Q

CRICOPHARYNGEUS

A

sphincter found on inferior pharyngeal constrictor around the upper oesophagus - prevents air entering stomach during inhalation

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PHARYNGEAL ELEVATORS

A

elevate the pharynx and larynx
palatopharyngeus also draws the soft palate downwards

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE PHARYNGEAL ELEVATORS

A

palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus

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17
Q

ATTACHMENT AND INSERTION (ROUGH) OF PHARYNGEAL ELEVATORS

A

descend from skull and fan out into inner surface of pharynx

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 PHASES OF DEGLUTITION

A

oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal

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19
Q

ORAL PHASE OF DEGLUTITION

A

food chewed, bolus formed, tongue pushes bolus to oropharynx

20
Q

PHARYNGEAL PHASE OF DEGLUTITION

A

soft palate elevates closing nasopharynx , pharyngeal elevators elevate pharynx to recieve bolus, pharyngeal constrictors contract sequentially to push bolus towards oesophagus
epiglottis closes laryngeal inlet

21
Q

OESOPHAGEAL PHASE OF DEGLUTITION

A

inferior pharyngeal constrictor contraction sees opening of cricopharyngeus sphincter allowing bolus to enter oesophagus

22
Q

FUNCTION OF LARYNX

A

organ of phonation
protective sphincter preventing foreign bodies entering trachea
allows air passage in and out of trachea

23
Q

HOW MANY CARTILAGES MAKE UP THE LARYNGEAL SKELETON AND WHAT ARE THEY

A

epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid
arytenoids (2)
cuneform (2)
corniculate (2)

24
Q

LARYNGEAL PROMINENCE

A

found on anterior surface of thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) where plates fuse in midline

25
SUPERIOR THYROID NOTCH
v shaped depression on antero-superior thyroid cartilage
26
CRICOTRACHEAL LIGAMENT
connects cricoid cartilage and 1st tracheal ring
27
THYROHYOID MEMBRANE
extrinsic attaches hyoid to superior horn and border of thyroid cartilage anteriorly and posteriorly the thyrohyoid membrane is thickened as the median and lateral thyrohyoid ligament s
28
WHAT DO THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR HORNS OF THYROID CARTILAGE INTERACT WITH
superior horn - attachment point for thyrohyoid membrane inferior horn articulated with cricoid cartilage
29
WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS THE LARYNX CARTILAGE
epiglottis = elastic , everything else = hyaline
30
WHAT ARE THE 2 INTRINSIC LIGAMENTS OF THE LARYNX
quadrangular membrane and cricothyroid ligament
31
QUADRANGULAR MEMBRANE
runs from arytenoid cartilages to thyroid cartilage to epiglottis free inferior margin = vestibular ligament and fold free superior margin = aryepiglottic ligament and fold
32
CRICOTHYROID LIGAMENT
runs from cricoid to arytenoid to thyroid cartilage superior free edges form vocal ligaments and folds thickened anteriorly as median cricothyroid ligament
33
WHERE ARE THE ARYTENOID CARTILAGES FOUND
sit on top of cricoid cartilage
34
SHAPE OF ARYTENOID CARTILAGES
3 sided pyramids apex - has articular facet for corniculate cartilage anterior vocal process - attachment point for posterior vocal ligament muscular process - muscle attachments
35
ARY-EPIGLOTTIC FOLD
formed by the superior free border of the quadrangular membrane continuous with epiglottis and forms lateral and posterior sides of laryngeal inlet
36
RIMA GLOTTIS
space between vocal folds
37
VOCAL FOLDS
formed from superior free edge of cricothyroid ligament control sound production from larynx
38
WHAT MUSCLES OPEN RIMA GLOTTIS
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle does abduction of vocal folds
39
WHAT MUSCLES CLOSE RIMA GLOTTIS
adduction is by transverse arytenoid muscle
40
WHAT EFFECT DOES ALTERING THE TENSION OF THE VOCAL FOLDS HAVE
alters pitch of voice
41
HOW IS A HIGHER PITCH OF VOICE ACHIEVED
higher pitch = increased tension of vocal folds = lengthened vocal folds lengthening of vocal folds done by tensors - cricothyroid muscles
42
HOW IS A LOWER PITCH OF VOICE ACHIEVED
lower pitch = decreased tension on vocal folds = shortened vocal folds caused by relaxor muscles - thyroarytenoids
43
WHAT MUSCLE CLOSES THE LARYNGEAL INLET
oblique arytenoid (X) shape
44
WHAT SUPPLIES THE INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX AND WHAT ARE THEY
all supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid which is supplied by external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (both branches of CN X) oblique arytenoid - closes laryngeal inlet transverse arytenoid - closes rima glotis posterior cricoarytenoid - opens rima glotis cricothyroids - increase vocal fold tension thyroarytenoids - decrease vocal fold tension
45
WHAT GIVES SENSORY INNERVATION TO THE LARYNX
Superior larynx (above vocal folds) = internal branch of superior laryngeal inferior larynx (below vocal folds) = recurrent laryngeal nerve both are branches of CN X

BDS3 ANATOMY (15 decks)

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