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BDS3 ANATOMY > PHARYNX / LARYNX > Flashcards

PHARYNX / LARYNX Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 DIVISIONS OF THE PHARYNX

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE NASOPHARYNX

A

extends from posterior border of nasal septum to the soft palate

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3
Q

WHAT EPITHELIUM IS THE NASOPHARYNX LINED WITH

A

respiratory epithelium - ciliated columnar

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4
Q

WHAT ORIFICE IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE NASOPHARYNX

A

orifice of pharyngotympanic tube - opening to middle ear

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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE OROPHARYNX

A

soft palate to superior border of epiglottis

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6
Q

WHAT EPITHELIUM IS THE OROPHARYNX LINES WITH

A

same as oral cavity - stratified squamous

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7
Q

VALLECULA

A

small recess between posterior 1/3 of tongue and epiglottis - small bits of food/ fishbones may get trapped here

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8
Q

BOUNDARIES OF THE LARYNGOPHARYNX

A

superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

HOW DOES THE LARYNGOPHARYNX AND LARYNX COMMUNICATE

A

laryngeal inlet

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10
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 PAIRS OF TONSILS AND WHERE ARE THEY FOUND

A

pharyngeal tonsils - nasopharynx
tubal tonsils - nasopharynx
palatine tonsils - fauces/ oropharynx
lingual tonsils - posterior 1/3 of tongue

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11
Q

WHAT IS THE INTERIOR OF THE PHARYNX LINES WITH

A

Stiff fascia known as pharyngobasilar fascia

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12
Q

WHERE ARE THE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS FOUND

A

found wrapping around pharynx, all (superior, middle and inferior) are bilateral and meet at the posterior of pharynx at the pharyngeal raphe

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13
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS

A

CN X via pharyngeal plexus

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14
Q

CRICOPHARYNGEUS

A

sphincter found on inferior pharyngeal constrictor around the upper oesophagus - prevents air entering stomach during inhalation

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PHARYNGEAL ELEVATORS

A

elevate the pharynx and larynx
palatopharyngeus also draws the soft palate downwards

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE PHARYNGEAL ELEVATORS

A

palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus

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17
Q

ATTACHMENT AND INSERTION (ROUGH) OF PHARYNGEAL ELEVATORS

A

descend from skull and fan out into inner surface of pharynx

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 PHASES OF DEGLUTITION

A

oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal

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19
Q

ORAL PHASE OF DEGLUTITION

A

food chewed, bolus formed, tongue pushes bolus to oropharynx

20
Q

PHARYNGEAL PHASE OF DEGLUTITION

A

soft palate elevates closing nasopharynx , pharyngeal elevators elevate pharynx to recieve bolus, pharyngeal constrictors contract sequentially to push bolus towards oesophagus
epiglottis closes laryngeal inlet

21
Q

OESOPHAGEAL PHASE OF DEGLUTITION

A

inferior pharyngeal constrictor contraction sees opening of cricopharyngeus sphincter allowing bolus to enter oesophagus

22
Q

FUNCTION OF LARYNX

A

organ of phonation
protective sphincter preventing foreign bodies entering trachea
allows air passage in and out of trachea

23
Q

HOW MANY CARTILAGES MAKE UP THE LARYNGEAL SKELETON AND WHAT ARE THEY

A

epiglottis
thyroid
cricoid
arytenoids (2)
cuneform (2)
corniculate (2)

24
Q

LARYNGEAL PROMINENCE

A

found on anterior surface of thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) where plates fuse in midline

25
Q

SUPERIOR THYROID NOTCH

A

v shaped depression on antero-superior thyroid cartilage

26
Q

CRICOTRACHEAL LIGAMENT

A

connects cricoid cartilage and 1st tracheal ring

27
Q

THYROHYOID MEMBRANE

A

extrinsic
attaches hyoid to superior horn and border of thyroid cartilage
anteriorly and posteriorly the thyrohyoid membrane is thickened as the median and lateral thyrohyoid ligament s

28
Q

WHAT DO THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR HORNS OF THYROID CARTILAGE INTERACT WITH

A

superior horn - attachment point for thyrohyoid membrane
inferior horn articulated with cricoid cartilage

29
Q

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS THE LARYNX CARTILAGE

A

epiglottis = elastic , everything else = hyaline

30
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 INTRINSIC LIGAMENTS OF THE LARYNX

A

quadrangular membrane and cricothyroid ligament

31
Q

QUADRANGULAR MEMBRANE

A

runs from arytenoid cartilages to thyroid cartilage to epiglottis
free inferior margin = vestibular ligament and fold
free superior margin = aryepiglottic ligament and fold

32
Q

CRICOTHYROID LIGAMENT

A

runs from cricoid to arytenoid to thyroid cartilage
superior free edges form vocal ligaments and folds
thickened anteriorly as median cricothyroid ligament

33
Q

WHERE ARE THE ARYTENOID CARTILAGES FOUND

A

sit on top of cricoid cartilage

34
Q

SHAPE OF ARYTENOID CARTILAGES

A

3 sided pyramids
apex - has articular facet for corniculate cartilage
anterior vocal process - attachment point for posterior vocal ligament
muscular process - muscle attachments

35
Q

ARY-EPIGLOTTIC FOLD

A

formed by the superior free border of the quadrangular membrane
continuous with epiglottis and forms lateral and posterior sides of laryngeal inlet

36
Q

RIMA GLOTTIS

A

space between vocal folds

37
Q

VOCAL FOLDS

A

formed from superior free edge of cricothyroid ligament
control sound production from larynx

38
Q

WHAT MUSCLES OPEN RIMA GLOTTIS

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle does abduction of vocal folds

39
Q

WHAT MUSCLES CLOSE RIMA GLOTTIS

A

adduction is by transverse arytenoid muscle

40
Q

WHAT EFFECT DOES ALTERING THE TENSION OF THE VOCAL FOLDS HAVE

A

alters pitch of voice

41
Q

HOW IS A HIGHER PITCH OF VOICE ACHIEVED

A

higher pitch = increased tension of vocal folds = lengthened vocal folds
lengthening of vocal folds done by tensors - cricothyroid muscles

42
Q

HOW IS A LOWER PITCH OF VOICE ACHIEVED

A

lower pitch = decreased tension on vocal folds = shortened vocal folds
caused by relaxor muscles - thyroarytenoids

43
Q

WHAT MUSCLE CLOSES THE LARYNGEAL INLET

A

oblique arytenoid (X) shape

44
Q

WHAT SUPPLIES THE INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX AND WHAT ARE THEY

A

all supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid which is supplied by external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (both branches of CN X)
oblique arytenoid - closes laryngeal inlet
transverse arytenoid - closes rima glotis
posterior cricoarytenoid - opens rima glotis
cricothyroids - increase vocal fold tension
thyroarytenoids - decrease vocal fold tension

45
Q

WHAT GIVES SENSORY INNERVATION TO THE LARYNX

A

Superior larynx (above vocal folds) = internal branch of superior laryngeal
inferior larynx (below vocal folds) = recurrent laryngeal nerve
both are branches of CN X

BDS3 ANATOMY (15 decks)

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