LOWER FACIAL REGION

Question 1

WHAT IS THE AREA BETWEEN THE 2 PROCESSES OF THE MANDIBLE KNOWN AS

Answer 1

mandibular notch
between coronoid and condylar processes
passes nerves and vessels to masseter

Question 2

MANDIBULAR SYMPHYSIS

Answer 2

where the 2 halves of mandible fuse at the midline

Question 3

MANDIBULAR FORAMEN

Answer 3

found on medial side of mandible
allows IAN and accompanying vessels to enter mandibular canal

Question 4

MYLOHYOID LINE

Answer 4

runs along medial surface of mandible from lingula towards inferior border of body

Question 5

MANDIBULAR FOSSA

Answer 5

mandibular fossa of temporal bone - where condylar process of mandible articulates with temporal bone
just anterior to external acoustic meatus

Question 6

WHAT TYPE OF JOINT IS THE TMJ

Answer 6

synovial joint
has joint capsule , uses modified hinge mechanism
atypical as bony surfaces separated by fibrocartilage rather than hyaline cartilage

Question 7

ARTICULAR DISC

Answer 7

found at TMJ
separates joint into superior and inferior joint cavities

Question 8

HOW MANY LIGAMENTS DOES THE TMJ HAVE CONNECTING THE MANDIBLE TO THE SKULL

Answer 8

3
2 extrinsic , 1 intrinsic

Question 9

WHAT ARE THE TMJ LIGAMENTS

Answer 9

extrinsic:
- sphenomandibular ligament
- stylomandibular ligament
intrinsic:
- lateral (TMJ) ligament

Question 10

SPHENOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT

Answer 10

TMJ ligament
provides primary passive support to mandible
runs from spine of sphenoid to lingula

Question 11

STYLOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT

Answer 11

TMJ ligament
thickening of parotid capsule
runs from styloid process to angle of mandible

Question 12

LATERAL TMJ LIGAMENT

Answer 12

TMJ ligament
strengthens TMJ laterally and helps prevent posterior dislocation
thickened part of joint capsule

Question 13

WHAT ARE THE 5 MOVEMENTS OF THE TMJ

Answer 13

elevation , depression , protrusion , retraction , lateral

Question 14

WHAT ARCH ARE THE MOM DERIVED FROM AND WHAT INNERVATES THEM

Answer 14

1st pharyngeal arch
motor division of CN V3

Question 15

TEMPORALIS
- function
- origin
- insertion
- innervation

Answer 15

• retracts and elevates mandible
• origin - temporal fossa
• insertion - anterior border of ramus and coronoid process
• deep temporal nerves from CN V3

Question 16

MASSETER
- function
- origin
- insertion
- innervation

Answer 16

• elevates mandible
• origin - zygomatic bone and arch
• insertion - angle and lateral surface of ramus
• masseteric nerve from CN V3

Question 17

MEDIAL PTERYGOID
- function
- origin
- insertion
- innervation

Answer 17

• elevates and assists lateral movement of mandible
• 2 heads origin
  deep head - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
  superficial head - maxillary tuberosity
• insertion - medial angle and ramus
• nerve to medial pterygoid from CN V 3

Question 18

DAMAGE TO WHAT MUSCLE DURING AN IANB CAN CAUSE TRISMUS

Answer 18

medial pterygoid

Question 19

LATERAL PTERYGOID
- function
- origin
- insertion
- innervation

Answer 19

• protrudes and depresses
• origin - 2 heads
  superior - greater wing of sphenoid
  inferior - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
• insertion - 2 heads
  superior - joint capsule and articular disc
  inferior - pterygoid fovea
• buccal nerve and nerve to lateral pterygoid

Question 20

BORDERS OF TEMPORAL FOSSA
- superior/posterior,anterior, lateral , inferior , floor

Answer 20

superior/posterior = superior and inferior temporal lines
anterior - frontal and zygomatic bones
lateral - sygomatic arch
inferior - infratemporal crest
floor - formed by frontal , parietal , temporal and sphenoid bones

Question 21

BOUNDARIES OF INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
- lateral. medial , anteriorr, posterior, superior, inferior

Answer 21

lateral - ramus
medial - lateral pterygoid plate
anterior - posterior maxilla
posterior mastoid and styloid processes , tympanic plate
superior - infratemporal crest of sphenoid
inferior - angle of mandible

Question 22

5 CONTENTS OF INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA

Answer 22

lateral pterygoid , medial pterygoid , maxillary artery , lingual nerve , IAN, chorda tympani , buccal nerve , otic ganglion

Question 23

AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE

Answer 23

branch of CN V3
encircles middle meningeal artery
sensory fibres to TMJ
many branches supplying temporal and auriculo area
passes postsynaptic parasympathetic fibres to parotid from otic ganglion

Question 24

IAN

Answer 24

branch of CN V3
enters madndibular canal via mandibular foramen
supplies all lower teeth on ipsilateral side
exits mental foramen as mental nerve which supplies lip and chin

Question 25

LINGUAL NERVE

Answer 25

branch of CN V3
supplies sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue , floor of mouth and lingual gingiva
joined by chorda tympani in infratemporal fossa

Question 26

HOW IS THE MAXILLARY ARTERY DIVIDED

Answer 26

divided into 3 in relation to the lateral pterygoid
- 1st , mandibular - runs anteriorly deep to neck of mandible
- 2nd - pterygoid - runs deep between the 2 pterygoids
- 3rd , pterygopalatine - runs toward pterygopalatine fossa

Question 27

NAME 5 BRANCHES OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY

Answer 27

middle meningeal , inferior alveolar , deep temporal , masseteric , buccal , superior alveolars

Question 28

PTERYGOID VENOUS PLEXUS

Answer 28

most veins that accompany maxillary artery and its branches drain here
located in infra temporal fossa

Question 29

DESCRIBE THE PATHWAY OF LYMPH

Answer 29

several groups of superficial head and cervical lymph nodes which drain lymph from specific regions of head and neck
these then drain into deep cervical lymph nodes which subsequently drain into the subclavian vein via the thoracic (L) or righ lymphatic duct

Question 30

WHY CAN SWELLING OF PAROTID BE PAINFUL

Answer 30

It is contained within a capsule