LOWER FACIAL REGION Flashcards
WHAT IS THE AREA BETWEEN THE 2 PROCESSES OF THE MANDIBLE KNOWN AS
mandibular notch
between coronoid and condylar processes
passes nerves and vessels to masseter
MANDIBULAR SYMPHYSIS
where the 2 halves of mandible fuse at the midline
MANDIBULAR FORAMEN
found on medial side of mandible
allows IAN and accompanying vessels to enter mandibular canal
MYLOHYOID LINE
runs along medial surface of mandible from lingula towards inferior border of body
MANDIBULAR FOSSA
mandibular fossa of temporal bone - where condylar process of mandible articulates with temporal bone
just anterior to external acoustic meatus
WHAT TYPE OF JOINT IS THE TMJ
synovial joint
has joint capsule , uses modified hinge mechanism
atypical as bony surfaces separated by fibrocartilage rather than hyaline cartilage
ARTICULAR DISC
found at TMJ
separates joint into superior and inferior joint cavities
HOW MANY LIGAMENTS DOES THE TMJ HAVE CONNECTING THE MANDIBLE TO THE SKULL
3
2 extrinsic , 1 intrinsic
WHAT ARE THE TMJ LIGAMENTS
extrinsic:
- sphenomandibular ligament
- stylomandibular ligament
intrinsic:
- lateral (TMJ) ligament
SPHENOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
TMJ ligament
provides primary passive support to mandible
runs from spine of sphenoid to lingula
STYLOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
TMJ ligament
thickening of parotid capsule
runs from styloid process to angle of mandible
LATERAL TMJ LIGAMENT
TMJ ligament
strengthens TMJ laterally and helps prevent posterior dislocation
thickened part of joint capsule
WHAT ARE THE 5 MOVEMENTS OF THE TMJ
elevation , depression , protrusion , retraction , lateral
WHAT ARCH ARE THE MOM DERIVED FROM AND WHAT INNERVATES THEM
1st pharyngeal arch
motor division of CN V3
TEMPORALIS
- function
- origin
- insertion
- innervation
- retracts and elevates mandible
- origin - temporal fossa
- insertion - anterior border of ramus and coronoid process
- deep temporal nerves from CN V3
MASSETER
- function
- origin
- insertion
- innervation
- elevates mandible
- origin - zygomatic bone and arch
- insertion - angle and lateral surface of ramus
- masseteric nerve from CN V3
MEDIAL PTERYGOID
- function
- origin
- insertion
- innervation
- elevates and assists lateral movement of mandible
- 2 heads origin
deep head - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
superficial head - maxillary tuberosity - insertion - medial angle and ramus
- nerve to medial pterygoid from CN V 3
DAMAGE TO WHAT MUSCLE DURING AN IANB CAN CAUSE TRISMUS
medial pterygoid
LATERAL PTERYGOID
- function
- origin
- insertion
- innervation
- protrudes and depresses
- origin - 2 heads
superior - greater wing of sphenoid
inferior - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate - insertion - 2 heads
superior - joint capsule and articular disc
inferior - pterygoid fovea - buccal nerve and nerve to lateral pterygoid
BORDERS OF TEMPORAL FOSSA
- superior/posterior,anterior, lateral , inferior , floor
superior/posterior = superior and inferior temporal lines
anterior - frontal and zygomatic bones
lateral - sygomatic arch
inferior - infratemporal crest
floor - formed by frontal , parietal , temporal and sphenoid bones
BOUNDARIES OF INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
- lateral. medial , anteriorr, posterior, superior, inferior
lateral - ramus
medial - lateral pterygoid plate
anterior - posterior maxilla
posterior mastoid and styloid processes , tympanic plate
superior - infratemporal crest of sphenoid
inferior - angle of mandible
5 CONTENTS OF INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
lateral pterygoid , medial pterygoid , maxillary artery , lingual nerve , IAN, chorda tympani , buccal nerve , otic ganglion
AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE
branch of CN V3
encircles middle meningeal artery
sensory fibres to TMJ
many branches supplying temporal and auriculo area
passes postsynaptic parasympathetic fibres to parotid from otic ganglion
IAN
branch of CN V3
enters madndibular canal via mandibular foramen
supplies all lower teeth on ipsilateral side
exits mental foramen as mental nerve which supplies lip and chin
LINGUAL NERVE
branch of CN V3
supplies sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue , floor of mouth and lingual gingiva
joined by chorda tympani in infratemporal fossa
HOW IS THE MAXILLARY ARTERY DIVIDED
divided into 3 in relation to the lateral pterygoid
- 1st , mandibular - runs anteriorly deep to neck of mandible
- 2nd - pterygoid - runs deep between the 2 pterygoids
- 3rd , pterygopalatine - runs toward pterygopalatine fossa
NAME 5 BRANCHES OF THE MAXILLARY ARTERY
middle meningeal , inferior alveolar , deep temporal , masseteric , buccal , superior alveolars
PTERYGOID VENOUS PLEXUS
most veins that accompany maxillary artery and its branches drain here
located in infra temporal fossa
DESCRIBE THE PATHWAY OF LYMPH
several groups of superficial head and cervical lymph nodes which drain lymph from specific regions of head and neck
these then drain into deep cervical lymph nodes which subsequently drain into the subclavian vein via the thoracic (L) or righ lymphatic duct
WHY CAN SWELLING OF PAROTID BE PAINFUL
It is contained within a capsule
