ORAL AND NASAL CAVITIES Flashcards
WHAT BONES MAKE UP THE HARD PALATE
anterior 2/3 = palatine proceess of maxilla
posterior 1/3 = horizontal process of palatine bones
WHAT DOES THE INCISIVE PAPILLA OVERLIE AND WHAT EMERGES THROUGH THIS
incisive fossa - opening to incisive canal which contains nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine artery
FUNCTION OF SOFT PALATE
muscular continuation of hard palate that acts to close oropharyngeal isthmus and separate the oro and naso pharynx
WHAT STRENGTHENS THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE SOFT PALATE
palatine aponeurosis - attaches to posterior hard palate and hamulus process of pterygoid hamuli
WHAT ARE THE 4 MUSCLES OF THE SOFT PALATE
palatoglossus - tongue and soft palate
palatopharyngeus
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
WHAT INNERVATES THE MUSCLES OF THE SOFT PALATE
all CN X except tensor veli palatini which is innervated by CN V3
ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO HARD AND SOFT PALATE
greater (hard) and lesser (soft) palatine arteries which are both branches of the maxillary artery
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HARD AND SOFT PALATE
veins of maxillary artery therefore drains into pterygoid venous plexus
WHAT NERVE GIVES GENERAL SENSATION TO THE HARD AND SOFT PALATE
Various branches of CN V2
- lesser palatine - soft palate
- greater palatine - hard palate up to premolars
- nasopalatine - anterior hard palate
WHAT IS THE POSTERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE ORAL CAVITY
palatoglossal arch
FAUCES
space between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
WHAT ARE THE TWO ARCHES THAT BIND THE FAUCES LATERALLY
palatoglossal and palatopharyngeus
ISTHMUS OF FAUCES
space between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch
contains tonsillar fossae where palatine tonsils are located
WHAT ARE THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR APERTURES OF THE NASAL CAVITY
aperture = opening
anterior aperture = nares
posterior apertures = chonae which open into nasopharynx
WHAT FORMS THE FLOOR OF THE NASAL CAVITY
formed by hard palate - palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bones
WHAT MAKES UP THE MEDIAL WALLS OF THE NASAL CAVITY
nasal septum - vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
SEPTAL DEVIATION
septum displaced from midline therefore nasal cavity obstructed on one side
can cause snoring, breathing difficulties and nose bleeds
range from mild to severe and can be caused by trauma or birth defects
ROOF OF NASAL CAVITY
highest point is made up by cribiform plate of ethmoid
anteriorly - nasal bones and nasal spine of frontal bones
posteriorly - sphenoid
ETHMOIDAL LABYRINTH
left and right labyrinth with perpendicular and cribiform plate in middle
contains ethmoidal air cells which make up ethmoidal sinus
CONCHAE
3 conchae - superior , middle and inferior
underlying each conchae = corresponding meatus
conchae increase surface area allowing purification and moisturisation of incoming air
WHAT SUPPLIES SPECIAL SENSATION (SMELL) TO THE NASAL CAVITY
olfactory nerve CN I
receptors in olfactory epithelium project through cribiform plate to olfactory bulb
WHAT SUPPLIES GENERAL SENSATION TO THE NASAL CAVITY AND NOSE
antero-superior = CN V1 via anterior ethmoidal nerve
postero-inferior = CN V2 via various branches including nasopalatine and infraorbital
PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION TO THE NASAL CAVITY
from CN VII
axons from salvatory nucleus carries in greater pettrosal nerve of CN VII to pterygopalatine ganglion
post ganglionic fibres carried within maxillary nerve branches
SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF THE NASAL CAVITY
axons from sympathetic trunk ascend in carotid plexus to pterygopalatine ganglion
post ganglionic fibres travel with maxillary nerve branches
WHY IS THE ANTERIOR SEPTUM A COMMON AREA FOR NOSE BLEEDS
many anastomoses in this region
WHAT ARTERIES SUPPLY THE NASAL CAVITY
ECA - maxillary , facial
ICA - opthalmic artery
WHAT EPITHELIUM ARE THE PARANASAL SINUSES LINED WITH
respiratory epithelium
all open into nasal cavity
WHERE DOES THE ETHMOIDAL SINUS DRAIN
anterior cells = middle meatus
middle cellds = middle meatus (at thrmoidal bulla)
posterior cells = superior meatus
WHERE DOES THE MAXILLARY SINUS DRAIN
middle meatus ( at semi lunar hiatus - depression under bulla)
ETHMOIDAL BULLA
bulge in middle meatus caused by ethmoidal cells
WHERE DOES THE FRONTAL SINUS DRAIN
middle meatus at infundibulum
WHERE DOES THE SPHENOID SINUS DRAIN
spheno-ethmoidal recess
oro - antral communication
opening to maxillary sinus from oral cavity - infection risk
WHY MIGHT MAXILLARY SINUS PROBLEMS PRESENT AS TOOTHACHE
both the maxillary sinus and maxillary teeth are supplied by the superior alveolar nerve
