ORAL AND NASAL CAVITIES

Question 1

WHAT BONES MAKE UP THE HARD PALATE

Answer 1

anterior 2/3 = palatine proceess of maxilla
posterior 1/3 = horizontal process of palatine bones

Question 2

WHAT DOES THE INCISIVE PAPILLA OVERLIE AND WHAT EMERGES THROUGH THIS

Answer 2

incisive fossa - opening to incisive canal which contains nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine artery

Question 3

FUNCTION OF SOFT PALATE

Answer 3

muscular continuation of hard palate that acts to close oropharyngeal isthmus and separate the oro and naso pharynx

Question 4

WHAT STRENGTHENS THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE SOFT PALATE

Answer 4

palatine aponeurosis - attaches to posterior hard palate and hamulus process of pterygoid hamuli

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE 4 MUSCLES OF THE SOFT PALATE

Answer 5

palatoglossus - tongue and soft palate
palatopharyngeus
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini

Question 6

WHAT INNERVATES THE MUSCLES OF THE SOFT PALATE

Answer 6

all CN X except tensor veli palatini which is innervated by CN V3

Question 7

ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO HARD AND SOFT PALATE

Answer 7

greater (hard) and lesser (soft) palatine arteries which are both branches of the maxillary artery

Question 8

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HARD AND SOFT PALATE

Answer 8

veins of maxillary artery therefore drains into pterygoid venous plexus

Question 9

WHAT NERVE GIVES GENERAL SENSATION TO THE HARD AND SOFT PALATE

Answer 9

Various branches of CN V2
- lesser palatine - soft palate
- greater palatine - hard palate up to premolars
- nasopalatine - anterior hard palate

Question 10

WHAT IS THE POSTERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE ORAL CAVITY

Answer 10

palatoglossal arch

Question 11

FAUCES

Answer 11

space between the oral cavity and the oropharynx

Question 12

WHAT ARE THE TWO ARCHES THAT BIND THE FAUCES LATERALLY

Answer 12

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeus

Question 13

ISTHMUS OF FAUCES

Answer 13

space between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch
contains tonsillar fossae where palatine tonsils are located

Question 14

WHAT ARE THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR APERTURES OF THE NASAL CAVITY

Answer 14

aperture = opening
anterior aperture = nares
posterior apertures = chonae which open into nasopharynx

Question 15

WHAT FORMS THE FLOOR OF THE NASAL CAVITY

Answer 15

formed by hard palate - palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bones

Question 16

WHAT MAKES UP THE MEDIAL WALLS OF THE NASAL CAVITY

Answer 16

nasal septum - vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Question 17

SEPTAL DEVIATION

Answer 17

septum displaced from midline therefore nasal cavity obstructed on one side
can cause snoring, breathing difficulties and nose bleeds
range from mild to severe and can be caused by trauma or birth defects

Question 18

ROOF OF NASAL CAVITY

Answer 18

highest point is made up by cribiform plate of ethmoid
anteriorly - nasal bones and nasal spine of frontal bones
posteriorly - sphenoid

Question 19

ETHMOIDAL LABYRINTH

Answer 19

left and right labyrinth with perpendicular and cribiform plate in middle
contains ethmoidal air cells which make up ethmoidal sinus

Question 20

CONCHAE

Answer 20

3 conchae - superior , middle and inferior
underlying each conchae = corresponding meatus
conchae increase surface area allowing purification and moisturisation of incoming air

Question 21

WHAT SUPPLIES SPECIAL SENSATION (SMELL) TO THE NASAL CAVITY

Answer 21

olfactory nerve CN I
receptors in olfactory epithelium project through cribiform plate to olfactory bulb

Question 22

WHAT SUPPLIES GENERAL SENSATION TO THE NASAL CAVITY AND NOSE

Answer 22

antero-superior = CN V1 via anterior ethmoidal nerve
postero-inferior = CN V2 via various branches including nasopalatine and infraorbital

Question 23

PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION TO THE NASAL CAVITY

Answer 23

from CN VII
axons from salvatory nucleus carries in greater pettrosal nerve of CN VII to pterygopalatine ganglion
post ganglionic fibres carried within maxillary nerve branches

Question 24

SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF THE NASAL CAVITY

Answer 24

axons from sympathetic trunk ascend in carotid plexus to pterygopalatine ganglion
post ganglionic fibres travel with maxillary nerve branches

Question 25

WHY IS THE ANTERIOR SEPTUM A COMMON AREA FOR NOSE BLEEDS

Answer 25

many anastomoses in this region

Question 26

WHAT ARTERIES SUPPLY THE NASAL CAVITY

Answer 26

ECA - maxillary , facial
ICA - opthalmic artery

Question 27

WHAT EPITHELIUM ARE THE PARANASAL SINUSES LINED WITH

Answer 27

respiratory epithelium
all open into nasal cavity

Question 28

WHERE DOES THE ETHMOIDAL SINUS DRAIN

Answer 28

anterior cells = middle meatus
middle cellds = middle meatus (at thrmoidal bulla)
posterior cells = superior meatus

Question 29

WHERE DOES THE MAXILLARY SINUS DRAIN

Answer 29

middle meatus ( at semi lunar hiatus - depression under bulla)

Question 30

ETHMOIDAL BULLA

Answer 30

bulge in middle meatus caused by ethmoidal cells

Question 31

WHERE DOES THE FRONTAL SINUS DRAIN

Answer 31

middle meatus at infundibulum

Question 32

WHERE DOES THE SPHENOID SINUS DRAIN

Answer 32

spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 33

oro - antral communication

Answer 33

opening to maxillary sinus from oral cavity - infection risk

Question 34

WHY MIGHT MAXILLARY SINUS PROBLEMS PRESENT AS TOOTHACHE

Answer 34

both the maxillary sinus and maxillary teeth are supplied by the superior alveolar nerve