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BDS3 ANATOMY > EYE AND EAR > Flashcards

EYE AND EAR Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 MAIN OPENINGS IN THE ORBIT AND WHAT DO THEY TRANSMIT

A

nasolacrimal canal - nasolacrimal duct
optic canal - optic nerve CN II, opthalmic artery
inferior orbital fissure - inferior opthalmic vein
superior orbital fissure - superior opthalmic vein , CN III occulomotor (superior and inferior branches) , CN V1 (frontal , lacrimal and nasocilliary branches) , CN VI abducens

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2
Q

RETROBULBAR FAT

A

present in orbit , supports eyeball

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3
Q

WHAT IS CONTAINED WITHIN THE OPTIC NERVE

A

central retinal artery and central retinal vein

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4
Q

AMAUROSIS FUGAX

A

painless temporary loss of vision in one eye due to occlusion of central retinal artery
occlusion can lead to permanent loss of vision

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5
Q

WHY DOES RAISED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE AFFECT THE EYE

A

meninges and subarachnoid space extend from skull around optic nerve to sclera
raised intracranial pressure affects eye due to CSF in subarachnoid space.
slows retinal venous drainage via central retinal vein causing papilloedema

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6
Q

IS MEDIAL VISION SUPPLIED BY IPSI OR CONTRALATERAL FIBRES OF THE OPTIC NERVE

A

medial vision is supplied by the ipsilateral side
lateral vision is supplied by the contralateral side

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7
Q

WHAT WOULD A LESION AT THE OPTCI CHIASM RESULT IN

A

‘tunnel vision’
fibres crossing to the contralateral side would be affected and these fibres are meant to go on and supply lateral vision on each side

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8
Q

WHERE IS THE LACRIMAL GLAND LOCATED

A

in the upper lateral corner of the orbit

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9
Q

FUNCTION OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND

A

secretes tears into conjunctival sac (recess between eyeball/cornea and eyelid) which are then dispersed across the eyeball when blinking - requires orbicularis oculi to be functioning correctly

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10
Q

DESCRIBE THE DRAINAGE OF TEARS

A

Drain through 2 holes in upper and lower eyelid called lacrimal punta
punta drain into ducts called canaliculi which drain into the lacrimal sac
lacrimal sac drains into nasolacrimal duct which drains into inferior nasal meatus

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11
Q

DESCRIBE THE PARASYMPATHETIC CONTROL OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibres come from CN VII via the greater petrosal nerve
synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion
post ganglionic parasympathetic fibres travel with zygomatic nerve of CN V2 then lacrimar nerve of CN V1

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12
Q

WHAT ARE THE 7 EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES

A

4 recti: superior, inferior, lateral and medial
2 oblique: superior and inferior
levator palpebrae superioris

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13
Q

LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS

A

first muscle found during superior dissection of eyeball/ orbit
elevates eyelid to keep eye open
contains both smooth and striated muscle fibres

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14
Q

WHAT IS THE SUPERIOR OBLIQUE TENDON PULLY CALLED

A

trochlea

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15
Q

COMMON TENDINOUS RING

A

meeting of all posterior recti tendons and superior oblique found posterior to orbit

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16
Q

WHAT NERVES SUPPLY THE EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES

A

LR6 SO4 AO3
lateral rectus CN VI
superior oblique CN IV
all others CN III

17
Q

WHAT MAY A DILATED PUPIL INDICATE

A

mydriasis
damage to parasympathetic control

18
Q

WHAT MIGHT A DROOPED UPPER EYELID INDICATE

A

damage to levator palpebrae superioris

19
Q

WHAT MIGHT AN EYE TURNED DOWN AND OUT INDICATE

A

damage to CN III
only SO and LR working

20
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 LAYERS OF THE EYEBALL

A

sclera - outermost
choroid - vascular
retina - light sensitive

21
Q

WHERE ARE THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CHAMBERS OF THE EYE FOUND AND WHAT ARE THEY FILLED WITH

A

They are found in the anterior eyeball
chambers are separated by the iris and communicate via the pupil
they are filled with aqueous humour

22
Q

WHAT IS THE EYEBALL FILLED WITH

A

‘vitreous chamber’ filled with vitreous humour

23
Q

CILIARY BODY

A

anterior extension of the choroid layer serves to form a supportive ring around the lens and iris
Contains the ciliary muscle which are attached to the lens via zonular fibres and can alter its shape
Aqueous humour is secreted by the ciliary body

24
Q

WHAT CAUSES GLAUCOMA

A

glaucoma = fluid build up due to issue with drainage of aqueous humour

25
Q

IS DILATION OF THE PUPIL CAUSED BY PARASYMPATHETIC OR SYMPATHETIC NERVE FIBRES

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic causes constriction of pupil

26
Q

HOW DO CILIARY MUSCLES ALTER THE ABILITY FOR LONG AND SHORT VISION

A

ciliary muscles are connected to the lens via zonular fibres
Contracted ciliary fibres = relaxed zonular fibres therefore a rounded lens which facilitates near vision (parasympathetic)
In absence of ciliary muscle contraction , zonular muscle fibres are stretches as is the lens facilitating long vision

27
Q

WHAT BONE IS THE VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR APPARATUS HOUSED

A

petrous part of the temporal bone

28
Q

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

separates external acoustic meatus from middle ear
held in place by fibrocartilaginous ring
healthy membrane will have cone of light present when viewed through an otoscope

29
Q

AUDITORY OSSICLES

A

mobile chain of 3 small bones
malleus - handle attaches to tympanic membrane
incus - middle
stapes - attaches to oval window
They transmit sound collected by the auricle to the inner ear

30
Q

FUNCTION OF PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE

A

equalises air pressure in the middle ear however is a potential infection route

30
Q

FUNCTION OF PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE

A

equalises air pressure in the middle ear however is a potential infection route

31
Q

WHAT IS THE EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS LINED WITH

A

lateral 1/3 is cartilaginous lined with same skin as auricle (stratified squamous) - contains hair follicles and modified sweat glands which produce earwax - together hairs and earwax stop foreign bodies reaching tympanic membrane
medial 2/3 is bony and lined with thin skin continuous with the tympanic membrane

32
Q

WHAT NERVE TRAVELS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

chorda tympani

33
Q

WHAT 3 REGIONS MIGHT A SEVERE INFECTION OF THE MIDDLE EAR SPREAD TO

A

IJV and ICA - would turn infection systemic
Cranial cavity - thin bone separating middle ear and middle cranial fossa
Mastoid air cells - causing mastoiditis

34
Q

HOW CAN CONDUCTIVE DEAFNESS BE CAUSED BY A MIDDLE EAR INFECTION

A

if the ossicles are damaged

35
Q

WHAT IS A COMMON CAUSE OF MIDDLE EAR INFECTIONS (OTITIS MEDIA)

A

obstructions in pharyngotympanic tube

36
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO PARTS OF CN VIII AND WHAT DO THEY SUPPLY

A

vestibular - concerned with balance, supplies semi circular canals and utricle
cochlear - concerned with hearing , supplies cochlea

BDS3 ANATOMY (15 decks)

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