NERVES Flashcards
WHAT DOES THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROL
involuntary physiological processes
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
branch of autonomic
fight or flight
- increase HR ,decreased digestive action , vasoconstriction
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
branch of autonomic
rest and digest
decreased HR, increased digestive function , vasodilation
ADRENERGIC VS CHOLINERGIC FIBRES
adrenergic release noradrenaline
cholinergic release acetylcholine
SYMPATHETIC VS PARASYMPATHETIC NEURON LENGTHS
sympathetic = short pre ganglionic , long post
parasympathetic = long pre ganglionic , short post
PARASYMPATHETIC NEURON ORIGINS AND PATHWAYS
pre ganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies and neurons originate in brainstem
Long pre ganglionic neuron leading to ganglia close to target organ, short post ganglionic neuron
SYMPATHETIC NEURON ORIGIN AND PATHWAY
preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located in lateral horns of T1-L2
Short pre ganglionic neuron and long post ganglionic
EXTRA:
- pre ganglionic sympathetic neurons leave spinal cord via ventral root
- form part of a spinal nerve
- enter ganglia of sympathetic chain via white ramus communications
THEN EITHER
- synapse in ganglia at same level
- synapse in ganglion at different level
- exit ganglia via splanchic nerve to a prevertebral ganglion
SYMPATHETIC TRUNK
allows nerve fibres to travel to spinal nerves that are superior or inferior to the one from which they originated
HORNERS SYNDROME
damage to cervical sympathetic trunk leading to to absence of sympathetic function on ipsilateral side of head
- constriction of pupil
- ptosis - dropping of superior eyelid
- vasodilation with absence of sweating
PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
comes from facial nerve
pre ganglionic neurons originate in the salvatory nucleus and travel to the submandibular ganglia
post ganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervate submandibular gland via chorda tympani
PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF PAROTID GLAND
comes from glossopharyngeal nerve
pre ganglionic parasympathetic neurons originate in the inferior salvatory nucleus and synapse with otic ganglion
post ganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervate parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve
WHERE IS OTIC GANGLION LOCATED
infratemporal fossa , directly below foramen ovale
WHERE IS SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLIA LOCATED
suspended from lingual nerve in region of submandibular gland
WHERE DO THE CRANIAL NERVES ARISE FROM
CN I and II from forebrain
rest arise from brainstem
CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC TRUNK
extension of thoracic sympathetic trunk
has 3 cervical ganglia:
superior (C1/2)
middle (C6)
inferior (C7)
