The Muslim World Flashcards
What was Mecca before Islam?
A market town
What is the Kaaba?
An ancient shrine and Pilgrimage/tourist sight
When and where was Muhammad born?
In 570 AD in Mecca
Who did Muhammad marry?
Kadija
What did Muhammad hear at age 40?
The voice of the angel Gabriel saying, “Proclaim.”
What does Islam mean?
Submission
Where did Muhammad go in 622 AD?
Yathrib
What was Yathrib renamed?
Medina
What did Muhammad do while in Medina?
Led attacks on Mecca
When did Muhammad return to Mecca?
630 AD
When did Muhammad die?
632 AD
Who was the first elected caliph?
Abu Bakr
What is a caliph?
Successor to Muhammad
What do Muslims call God?
Allah
What is the Qur’an?
The sacred text of Islam as revealed to Muhammad
What is a mosque?
Muslim house of worship
What are the Five Pilars of Islam?
Declaration of faith, prayer 5 times a day, charity for the poor, fasting from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan, and the Hajj
What is the Hajj?
Pilgrimage to Mecca
What is the Sunna?
Muhammad’s example
What did the Sharia do?
Regulates family life, moral conduct, business, and community life
Who was the second caliph?
Umar
Who was the third caliph?
Uthman
Who was the fourth caliph?
Ali
Who was the fifth caliph?
Ummayads
What did Ummayads do?
He moved the capital to Damascus
What are the two branches of Islam?
Sunni and Shi’a
Which branch of Islam believes the caliph should be a relative of Muhammad?
Shi’a
Who were the Bedouins?
Nomadic herders that adapted to desert life
What percent of Muslims are Sunni?
90%
Who captured Damascus and killed Umayyad family and when did they do it?
Abu al-Abbas; 750
How long did the Abbasid dynasty last?
Until 1258
What was the new capital after the Abbasids?
Baghdad
What is a minaret?
Slender towers of mosques from which the crier calls the faithful to prayer
What astronomical inventions of the Muslims create?
The astrolabe
In what period did Baghdad come under Muslim control?
Under the first for caliphs by 661
What factors contributed to the spread of Islam?
Conquering territory, trade routes, etc.
