Hinduism, Buddism, and Judaism Flashcards
What is a sect?
Group with in a religion that distinguishes itself by one or more unique beliefs
What is polytheism?
A belief in many gods
Where did the Arayan’s move?
Indus River Valley
What are the Vedas?
For collections of prayers, spells, and ritual instructions
What are castes?
Four social classes (with class restrictions and rules)
What are the four castes?
Brahmins (priests) Warriors Peasants/Traders Non-Aryan Laborers Untouchables (most impure)
True or False:
Hinduism has no single founder
True
True or False:
The Vedas are Hinduism’s single sacred text.
False, Hinduism has no single sacred text.
What are the Upanishads?
Dialogue between a student and a teacher
What is the ultimate goal in Hinduism?
To achieve moksha
What is moksha?
A state of perfect understanding of all things
What is Atman?
The individual soul
What is Brahman?
The world soul
What is reincarnation?
Rebirth of the soul
What is karma?
A soul’s good or bad deeds
Did karma strengthen or weaken the caste system?
Strengthen
Who were the three major Hindu gods?
Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer)
What did Mahavira believe?
Everything has a soul and should not be harmed
Which sect of Hinduism was an extreme form of nonviolence?
Jainism
Who was the founder of Buddhism?
Siddartha Gautama
Which religion was the search to discover life where there is no suffering or death?
Buddhism
What is enlightenment?
Wisdom
How many days did Siddartha Gautama?
49
What name did Siddartha Gautama take on after his meditation?
Buddha
What does Buddha mean?
The Enlightened One
What are the Four Noble Truths?
1) Life is filled with suffering and sorrow
2) The cause of all suffering is the desire for the temporary pleasures of this world
3) The way to end all suffering is to end all desires
4) The way to overcome all desires is to follow the Eightfold Path
What is nirvana?
The release from selfishness and pain
What is Buddha’s view on the Hindu gods and caste system?
Negative. He rejects it.
How was Buddhism spread?
Traders
What was the sacred Buddhist text?
The Tripitaka
What were the two major Buddhist sects?
Therevada (Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia) and Mahayana (China, Tibet, Korea, and Japan)
Where did Abraham go after he left Ur?
Canaan
What is religion?
And organize system of beliefs, ceremonies, practices, and worship that centers around one or more gods
Isaac’s descendants became what group of people?
The Hebrews
Ishmael’s descendants became what group of people?
The Arabs
Where did the Exodus begin?
Egypt
What is the Torah?
The first 5 books of the Bible
Who wrote the Torah?
Moses
Where did Josua led the people?
Back into Canaan
Who was Saul?
The first king
Who did David defeat?
Goliath
When the Kingdom of Israel split, what were the two sides?
Israel (north) and Judah (south)
Around when did the Assyrians begin their rule?
722 BC
Around when did the Babylonians rule?
586 BC
What happened when the Persians conquered Babylon?
The Jews return, and the temple is rebuilt
Who destroyed the temple?
Nebuchanezzer
What is monotheism?
Belief in one God
Which group of people were God’s chosen people?
The Jews
What is covenant?
A binding agreement
Who were prophets?
Spiritual leaders
What are ethics?
Moral standards of behavior
What was the Diaspora?
The scattering of people
What other two religions did Judaism influence?
Christianity and Islam
