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World History > Absolute Monarchs in Europe > Flashcards

Absolute Monarchs in Europe Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A

A new way of thinking about the natural world based on observation and questioning accepted beliefs.

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2
Q

What was the Geocentric Theory?

A

The Medival view of an earth-centered universe

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3
Q

What was the Heliocentric Theory?

A

Nicolas Copernicus’ theory of a sun-centered universe

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4
Q

Who discovered elliptical orbit?

A

Johannes Kepler

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5
Q

What tool did Galileo popularize?

A

The telescope

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6
Q

What book did Galileo write?

A

The Starry Messenger

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7
Q

Why didnt” Galileo and the church get along?

A

His findings went against church teachings

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8
Q

Whose theories did Galileo support?

A

Coppernicus

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9
Q

What was the Scientific Method?

A

A procedure for gathering and testing ideas

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10
Q

What were the steps of the Scientific Method?

A

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion

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11
Q

What was Francis Bacon famous for?

A

Expermentation

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12
Q

What was Rene Descartes famous for?

A

Mathematics and logic

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13
Q

What was Isaac Newton famous for?

A

Universal gravitation/ an orderly universe

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14
Q

Who invented the telescope?

A

Zacharias Janssen

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15
Q

Who invented the barometer?

A

Evangelista Torricelli

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16
Q

Who invented the first vaccine and what illness was it for?

A

Edward Jenner; small pox

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17
Q

When was the Age of Reason?

A

Mid 1700s

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18
Q

Who invented the thermometer?

A

Gabriel Farenheit and Anders Celcius

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19
Q

What book did Thomas Hobbes write?

A

Leviathan

20
Q

What philosophy did Thomas Hobbes popularize?

A

Social Contract

21
Q

What was the social contract?

A

Exchange rights to a strong ruler for law and order

22
Q

What philosophies did John Locke popularize?

A

Natural Rights and the purpose of governmen being to protect those rights

23
Q

What were the natural rights?

A

Life, Liberty, and Property

24
Q

What were the 5 major themes of the philosophy in the Enlightenment?

A

Reason, nature, happiness on Earth

25
Q

Who was Voltaire?

A

An author known for his satire

26
Q

What were Voltaire’s main themes?

A

Tolerance, reason, religous freedom, and freedom of speech

27
Q

What philosphy did Baron de Montesquieu popularize?

A

Seperation of Powers

28
Q

What was seperation of powers?

A

Checks and balances

29
Q

What philosophy did Jean Jaques Rousseau popularize?

A

Direct Democracy

30
Q

What is direct democracy?

A

All people are equal

31
Q

Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?

A

A early spokeswoman for woman’s rights

32
Q

What philosophies did Mary Wollstonecraft popularize?

A

“Equality” should extend to women

33
Q

What did Mary Wollstonecraft urge other women to do?

A

Become useful

34
Q

What was Beccaria interested in?

A

The justice system

35
Q

What philosophy did Beccaria popularize?

A

The punishment should fit the crime

36
Q

What were salons?

A

Social gatherings to discuss ideas

37
Q

Who invented the Encyclopedia?

A

Denis Diderot

38
Q

who were some major classical composers of the Enlightenment?

A

Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn

39
Q

What wetre despots?

A

Monarchs

40
Q

Who was the “first servent of the state” and which country did he rule?

A

Frederick the Great; Prussia

41
Q

What country did Joseph II rule?

A

Austria

42
Q

What major changes did Joseph II implement while in office?

A

He abolished serfdom and enacted freedom of the press and freedom of religion

43
Q

Which country did Catherine the Great rule?

A

Russia

44
Q

What did Catherine the Great do while in office?

A

She limited reforms and expanded Russia

45
Q

What was the legacy of the Enlightenment?

A

Belief in progess, a more secular outlook, and importance of the individual

46
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

A

July 4th, 1776

World History (17 decks)

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