The Middle Ages Flashcards
What was the most successful Germanic kingdom?
The Franks
Which king of the Franks converted to Christianity?
Clovis
What did monks and nuns do?
Withdraw from public life to monasteries and convents
When did Benedict make rules for monks and nuns that established the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church?
520
What were the main duty of monks and nuns?
Prayer and worship
Where did Islam come from?
The Middle East
When was the Battle of Tours?
732
Who defeated who in the Battle of Tours?
The Frankish warriors defeated the Muslim army
In 800, Charlemagne’s empire stretched across where?
France, Germany, and Italy
What did Charlemagne encourage?
Learning
What did Pope Leo III call on Charlemagne for?
To help with rebellious Romans
What did Pope Leo III do to widen the gap between Eastern and Western Rome?
He crowned Charlemagne Emperor
When did Charlemagne die?
814
When was the Treaty of Verdun signed?
843
What did the Treaty of Verdun do?
It split the empire into three parts
Where were the Vikings from?
Scandinavia
What did the Vikings do?
They looted and burned cities
When did Leif Erickson set up a Viking colony in North America?
1000 AD
When did the Muslims capture Sicily?
The late 800s
When did the Maggars invade Europe?
896
What is the manor?
The Lord’s estate
What did the peasants and serfs work for?
Protection
How was life for the peasants?
Harsh
What kinds of things did the people believe in the Middle Ages?
They believed in fairies, love potions, witches, and magic charms
What is chivalry?
A code of conduct
How might a chivalrous person act?
Brave, loyal, true too and, generous to enemies
How were women treated?
They were up to be protected and cherished
What is a knight?
A mounted warrior
At what age were future nights sent to the lord’s castle for training?
Seven
At what age was a future knight to be dubbed?
21
What are some features that a castle would have the Middle Ages?
High walls, towers, drawbridges, moats, etc.
What are the duties of noblewomen?
To spend, with cloth, supervise servants, and have many children
What was the only way to avoid going to hell according to the church?
To participate in the sacraments (sacred rituals)
What is Canon Law?
Church laws and courts
What is interdict?
Excluded an entire town or region from receiving the sacraments
How much were you supposed to pay for a tithe?
1/10 of your income
What is lay investiture?
When Kings appoint Church officials
The Byzantine Emperor asked the pope for what?
Help fighting the Turks
What were the Crusades?
An attempt by the Christians of reclaiming the holy land from the Muslims
How many years did the Crusades last?
200
What happened during the first Crusade?
The Christians captured Jerusalem
What happened during the second Crusade?
The Christians lost Jerusalem
What happened during the third Crusade?
The Christians attempted to recapture Jerusalem but failed
What happened during the fourth Crusade?
Christians help that the nescience captured Constantinople and they looted it
What were some negative impacts of the Crusades?
The Christians failed to conquer the holy lands and hatred among different religions grew
What were some positive impacts of the Crusades?
Increased trade, Papal power reached its height, it increased the power of the feudal monarch, it encouraged a money economy, and a wider world view
How long did the Germanic kingdoms last?
400 A.D. to 700 A.D.
Which king died without an heir FIRST?
The Anglo-Saxxon king Edward
Which two people claim the throne after king Edward died?
Harold and Duke William of Normandy
Which of the two people who claimed the throne after the death of king Edward raised an army and had the backing of the pope?
Duke William of Normandy
What was the Battle of Hastings?
William sailed across the English Channel and won
Who became king of England after king Edward?
William the Conqueror
Who inherited the throne in 1154?
Henry II
What did the Royal Court’s decisions become?
The basis for English Common Law
Who determined which cases went on trial?
Juries
What did Henry’s efforts with the royal court lead to?
A bitter conflict with the church
What did Henry claim the right to do?
Try clergy in royal courts
Who opposed the trying of clergy in royal courts?
Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury
When did the 4 knights murder Becket? Where did the murder him?
1170; in his own cathedral
What was Henry’s reaction to the murder of Thomas Becket?
He denied any part of the attack and backed off the clergy
What titles were given to Becket after his death?
Martyr and saint
Who was the son of Henry II?
John
How did king John anger his own nobles?
Heavy taxing
When was the Magna Carta signed?
1215
What were the two basic ideas of the Magna Carta?
Nobles had certain rights; monarchs had to obey the law
Who did the king have to consult with before he could raise taxes?
The Great Council of Lords and Clergy
What happened in 1347?
The bubonic plague raged through Italy
What happened in 1348?
The bubonic plague reached Spain and France
About how many people died in Europe from the bubonic plague?
One out of every three people
Where did the strain of bubonic plague survive?
The Gobi Desert
How was the bubonic plague spread?
Fleas on the rats
How long did it take for people to die after contracting the bubonic plague?
2 to 3 days
What kind of conditions in Europe helped the bubonic plague spread?
Unsanitary conditions
What were the symptoms of the bubonic plague?
Black bruises on the scan, have a sweats, and coughing
What are the different reactions from people about the bubonic plague?
Some turn to magic and witchcraft for curious, some plunged into while pleasures, some thought it was a punishment from God etc.
Who did the Christians blame for the bubonic plague?
The Jews
What happened to society during the bubonic plague?
The structure of society broke down
What happened in the late 1300s?
The economy plunged
What were the economic results of the bubonic plague?
Workers died, production the client, inflation soared, riots broke out etc.
How long did it take to recover from the bubonic plague?
A century
What did John Wycliffe insist?
The Bible is the true source, not the church
How did the church respond to John Wycliffe’s statements?
They persecuted him and others who believed similarly
How long did the Great Schism last?
From 1378 to 1417
Which Pope moved to Avignon?
Pope Clement V
How long did the Popes live in France?
69 years
What was the time when the Pope lived in France called?
Babylonian Captivity
What happened in 1378?
The Pope died while visiting Rome
How many Popes were elected during the Great Schism?
Three
What solved the Great Schism?
All three Popes were forced to resign
How long did the Hundred Years’ War last?
From 1337 to 1453
Which two countries fought in the Hundred Years’ War?
England and France
Why was the Hundred Years’ War being fought?
English rulers were trying to get hold of French lands
Who claim to the French crown in 1337?
Edward III
Who was winning the Hundred Years’ War at first?
England
What was the English peoples’ success due to?
The invention of the longbow
Who is Joan of Arc?
A 17-year-old peasant woman who appeared before the uncrowned king of France
What did Joan of Arc tell but uncrowned king of France?
She told him God had sent her to save France
Why was Joan of Arc killed?
She was tried for witchcraft by the English and burned at the stake
Who won the Hundred Years’ War?
The French
