The Liver

Question 1

Which part of the liver contains the renal impression of the right kidney?

Answer 1

Caudate process of the caudate lobe.

Question 2

What are the liver lobes in the dog and the pig?

Answer 2

Liver lobes in the dog and pig:
1. Left lobe (medial/lateral lobes)
2. Right lobe (medial/lateral lobes)
3. Quadrate lobe (between the left & right lobes)
4. Caudate lobe

Pigs just don’t have a papillary process.

Question 3

Which cell is the functional cell of the liver?

Answer 3

Hepatocytes.

Question 4

What is the structure of the liver lobule?

Answer 4

3-dimensional, hexagonal structure.
Consists of cords of hepatic cells (hepatocytes) radiating out from a central vein.

Question 5

What are the structures found in the portal triad?

Answer 5

Branch of the portal vein
Branch of the hepatic artery
Bile ductule
Lymphatic

Question 6

What kind of epithelium is found in the bile ductule?

Answer 6

Simple cuboidal epithelium to stratified columnar.

Question 7

What is the path of bile flow from canaliculi to gallbladder (periphery to center or center to periphery?)

Answer 7

Center to periphery.

Question 8

Which side of the body (right or left) is the gallbladder located? Which liver lobes are found on either side of the gallbladder?

Answer 8

Gall bladder is on the RIGHT side.
Located between the quadrate and right medial liver lobes.

Question 9

Which species of animal do not have a gallbladder?

Answer 9

Horses and rats.

Question 10

What is the function of bile?

Answer 10

Function to digest fats and lipids.

Definition: liquid secretion of the liver cells into the duct system of the liver.

Question 11

What is the functional cell of the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 11

Acinar cells.

Question 12

What is zymogen?

Answer 12

Precursor forms of digestive enzymes. Stored in vesicles derived from the golgi apparatus.
Held until there is a signal to release them via exocytosis.

Question 13

Where does the pancreatic duct join the intestinal tract?

Answer 13

Major duodenal papilla.

Question 14

What is the the function/structure of the hepatocytes?

Answer 14

Function: Synthesizes proteins and lipids for export. Can also store lipid and glycogen.

Structure: Fairly uniform in size, cuboidal, and can have more than 1 nucleus.

Question 15

What is the function/structure of the kupffer cells?

Answer 15

Function: Phagocytic. Ingest particulate matter that passes through the sinusoids (especially bacterial and old RBC).

Structure: Same structure as a macrophage.

Question 16

What is the function/structure of Canaliculi?

Answer 16

Function: Small tubes which collect bile from the hepatocytes.

Structure: Small tubes

Question 17

What is the function/structure of the Space of Disse?

Answer 17

Function: Where exchange between hepatocytes and blood flow takes place.

Collects lymph for delivery to lymphatic capillaries. Contains fat storage cells.

Structure: Space between hepatocyte and sinusoid

Question 18

Which branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the liver and pancreas?

Answer 18

Celiac artery.

Question 19

What are the differences between portal circulation and caval circulation?

Answer 19

Caval circulation: arteries → capillaries → veins → vena cava → heart

Portal circulation: arteries → capillaries → veins → portal vein → hepatic sinusoids → vena cava → heart

Question 20

Which 3 veins supply blood to the portal vein?

Answer 20

Cranial mesenteric vein
Caudal mesenteric vein
Splenic vein

Question 21

Which cells make bile?

Answer 21

Liver cells (hepatocytes)

Question 22

Know the relationship between the common hepatic duct, the cystic duct, the common bile duct, and the pancreatic duct.

Answer 22

Common hepatic ducts:
Leave porta to join with cystic duct

Cystic duct:
Connects gall bladder with hepatic ducts
Cystic duct + hepatic duct = common bile duct

Common bile duct:
Junction of hepatic duct and cystic duct
Joins with pancreatic duct

Refer to diagram also.

Question 23

Form and function of exocrine pancreas?

Answer 23

Form: Acinar cells are arranged into blind ended acini. Cells have a basophilic basal region and an eosiphilic apical region.

Function: Digestive enzymes are secreted into a duct system to the small intestine.

Question 24

Form and function of endocrine pancreas?

Answer 24

Form: ???
Function: Digestive enzymes enter blood directly.