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ANSC 301: Anatomy of Domestic Animals > The Eyes > Flashcards

The Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Limbus

A

junction of the sclera and cornea

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2
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A

the specialized reflective area of the choroid

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3
Q

Pupil

A

the central opening of the iris that lets light into the eye

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4
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

clear membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid

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5
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

the reflection of the palpebral conjunctiva onto the eyeball

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6
Q

Conjunctival sac

A

space between the palpebral conjunctiva and the eyeball

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7
Q

Zonular fibers

A

attach lens to the ciliary body; holds the lens in position and allow its shape to change due to actions of ciliary muscles

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8
Q

Blind spot

A

area of the retina where the axons from the ganglion neurons leave the eye as the optic nerve. Has no rods or cones.

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9
Q

Cilia

A

eyelashes; hairs coming out of the eyelids

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10
Q

Lateral/medial canthus

A

the point where eyelids meet; the lateral and medial angles are the areas near the canthi

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11
Q

Lacrimal caruncle

A

the triangular prominence in the medial angle

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12
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

pink gland at the dorsolateral aspect of the eyeball, secretes tears

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13
Q

Lacrimal puncta

A

openings into lacrimal canals on upper and lower eyelids near the medial canthus

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14
Q

What are the three tunics of the eyeball?

A
  1. Fibrous tunic
  2. Vascular tunic (uvea)
  3. Nervous tunic (retina)
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15
Q

What structures are a part of the FIBROUS TUNIC?

A

divided into the sclera and cornea

Limbus (junction of the sclera and cornea)

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16
Q

What structures are a part of the VASCULAR TUNIC?

A

choroid, ciliary body, and iris
blood vessels and smooth muscle
tapetum lucidum
ciliary process
zonular fibers

17
Q

What structures are a part of the NERVOUS TUNIC?

A

retina*
photoreceptors
bipolar neurons
ganglion neurons
optic disc
lens

18
Q

What structures comprise the ANTERIOR uvea? What are their features?

A

Iris
-two layers of muscles reacting to light to
increase or decrease size of pupil
-regulates amount of light entering eye
-has double layered cuboidal epithelium that -
contains melanin

Ciliary body
-thickest portion of the vascular tunic between
choroid and iris
-supports the lens through zonular fibers
-major site for production of aqueous humor
-consists of ciliary muscle and ciliary process

19
Q

What structures comprise the POSTERIOR uvea? What are their features?

A

Choroid
- thin, dark, highly vascular membrane deep
to the sclera
- supplies retina and serves to absorb light not
reflected out of eye

20
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior chamber, posterior chamber and vitreous chamber? What type of fluid is found in each?

A

Anterior chamber - space between the cornea and iris.
Fluid type: aqueous humor

Posterior chamber - space between iris and lens.
Fluid type: aqueous humor

Vitreous chamber - larger space lying between the lens and retina.
Fluid type: vitreous humor

21
Q

What is the primary site of production of the aqueous humor?

A

Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body/processes; flows from the posterior chamber through the pupil into the anterior chamber.

22
Q

What cranial nerves innervate the eye?

A

CN 2, 3, 4, 6.

23
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the eye and their function?

A
  1. Dorsal rectus - moves eyeball dorsally
  2. Lateral rectus - moves eyeball laterally
  3. Ventral rectus - moves eyeball ventrally
  4. Medial rectus - moves eyeball medially
  5. Ventral oblique - rotates the bottom of the
    eye medially
  6. Dorsal oblique - rotates the top of the eye medially
24
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the eye and their function?

A
  1. Pupillary sphincter
  2. Pupillary dilator
  3. Ciliary muscles

all deal with the size of the pupil and lens shape.

25
Q

What are the shape of pupils in cats, dogs, and cattle?

A

Cats - vertical/elliptic
Dogs - round
Cattle - horizontal

26
Q

What is the function of the tarsal (Meibomian glands)?

A

Function to secrete waxy substance that helps to form a dam for excessive tear secretion.

27
Q

What is the nictitating membrane’s features & function?

A

Nictitating membrane is the third eyelid.
- Functions to provide protection and to distribute the tear film.
- The fold of conjunctiva, reinforced by t-shaped cartilage, located between the eyelids’ medial angle and the eyeball.

28
Q

What is the function of the Gland of the Nictitating Membrane?

A

Contribute to tear formation.

ANSC 301: Anatomy of Domestic Animals (22 decks)

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