Hind Limb: Part 2 Flashcards
List the 6 lateral muscles of the pelvis (rump muscles).
Caudofemoralis (not in dog)
Superficial gluteal muscle
Middle gluteal muscle
Deep gluteal muscle
Fascia lata
Tensor fasciae latae muscle
List the (2) cranial muscles of the thigh.
Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
List the (5) medial thigh muscles.
Sartorius
Gracilis
Adductor
Pectineus
External obturator muscles
List the caudal thigh muscles.
Hamstring muscles
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
Caudal crural abductor
List the (5) muscles of the crus (calf area).
Craniolateral muscles
- Cranial tibial muscle
- Peroneus longus muscle (fibularis longus)
- Peroneus brevis muscle
- Long digital extensor muscle
- Lateral digital extensor muscle
List the (7) caudal crural muscles.
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
DDF (Deep Digital Flexor)
SDF (Superficial Digital Flexor)
Interosseus
Popliteus
Caudal tibialis
List the deep caudal muscles of the crus.
Popliteus
Caudal tibialis muscle
List the arteries of the hind limb.
- Aorta
- External iliac a.
- Internal iliac a.
- Median sacral a.
- Internal pudendal a.
- Caudal gluteal a.
- Iliolumbar a.
- Cranial gluteal a.
- Deep femoral a.
- Pudendoepigastric trunk
- Femoral a.
External iliac arteries branch diagram; memorize.
External iliac a.
deep femoral a.
Femoral a.
lateral circumflex femoral a.
superficial circumflex iliac a.
proximal caudal femoral a.
saphenous a.
descending genicular a.
middle caudal femoral a.
distal caudal femoral a.
Popliteal a.
Cranial tibial a.
Caudal tibial a.
Dorsal pedal a.
List the veins of the pelvic limb.
Lateral saphenous vein
Medial saphenous vein
List the nerves of the pelvic limb.
Femoral nerve
Saphenous nerve
Obturator nerve
Cranial gluteal nerve
Caudal gluteal nerve
Caudal cutaneous femoral nerve
Ischiatic/sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve
Peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve)
Lateral cutaneous sural nerve
Superficial peroneal nerve
Deep peroneal nerve
What is the largest gluteal muscle?
Middle gluteal muscle.
What is the general function of the cranial muscles of the thigh and their innervation?
General function: extends the stifle, flexes the hip
Innervated by the femoral nerve.
What are the 4 parts of the quadriceps femoris?
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
What are the muscles that are part of the adductor group and their innervation? Which is the largest adductor?
Medial thigh muscles contribute to the adductor group:
Sartorius
Gracilis
Adductor (largest adductor muscle)
Pectineus
External obturator muscles
Innervated by the obturator nerve.
What muscles are part of the hamstring group and their innervation?
Caudal thigh muscles:
Hamstring muscles
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Caudal crural abductor
Innervated by the sciatic nerve.
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Area is bounded by the sartorius cranially,
Pectineus caudally
Body wall dorsally
Which is medial/lateral between the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus muscles?
Semimembranosus - medial
Semitendinosus - lateral
Which muscle forms the caudal border of the thigh?
Semitendinosus muscle.
Which two muscles primarily contribute to the calcaneal tendon in the dog?
- Gastrocnemius
- Superficial digital flexor
What are two things that are special about the soleus muscle?
Absent in dog, present in felines
Composed of type 1 fatigue resistant fibers
Which digital flexor inserts on the distal phalanx?
Deep digital flexor (DDF)
Which nerve innervates the craniolateral muscles of the crus and the caudomedial muscles of the crus?
Craniolateral muscles of the crus - innervated by peroneal nerve
Caudomedial muscles of the crus - innervated by tibial nerve
What is the function of the obturator nerve?
Innervates most of the medial adductors of the thigh. Is essential to the adduction of the thigh.
What are the 2 major branches of the sciatic nerve?
- Tibial nerve
- Peroneal nerve
Pin Bone
Ischiatic tuberosity
Round ligament
Short intracapsular ligament extending from the acetabular cavity to the fovea on the head of the femur.
Fabella
Latin for bean, 2 small sesamoid bones embedded within the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle in the carnivore.
Patellar ligament
Part of the tendon of insertion of the quadriceps muscle between the patella and the tibial tuberosity.
Menisci
Crescent shaped fibrocartilaginous discs between tibia and femur (act as shock absorbers).
External iliac artery
large branch of the terminal aorta, once passed through the abdominal wall, becomes the femoral artery. Gives off the deep femoral artery.
Internal iliac artery
terminal branch of the aorta, branches into the caudal gluteal artery and the internal pudendal artery
Deep femoral artery
after leaving abdomen, continues as the medial circumflex femoral artery
Femoral artery
superficially within the femoral triangle, passes deep to the semimembranosus muscle, continues as the popliteal artery.
Saphenous artery and its two branches
passes subcutaneously with its vein and nerve on the medial side of the thigh. Runs between the sartorius and the gracilis.
Branches into the cranial (1) and caudal (2) branch.
Popliteal artery and its two branches
continuation of the femoral artery, divides into the caudal (1) and cranial (2) tibial artery.
Medial saphenous vein
passes on the medial side of the limb with the saphenous artery at the apex of the femoral triangle.
Lateral saphenous vein
travels on the lateral side of the leg and empties into the distal caudal femoral vein.
Femoral nerve
innervates the extensor muscles of the stifle.
branches into the saphenous nerve.
passes through the psoas muscles, out of the abdominal cavity, through the femoral canal to the quadriceps femoris.
Saphenous nerve
superficial branch of the femoral nerve, supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial side of the limn and motor innervation to the sartorius muscle.
Obturator nerve
innervates most of the medial adductors of the thigh, goes through the pelvic cavity on the body of the ilium and obturator foramen to the medial side of the thigh.
Sciatic/Ischiatic nerve
largest nerve of the lumbosacral plexus and body.
Protected by the greater trochanter of the femur.
Runs between the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus.
Supplies the caudal thigh muscles.
Supplies the muscles of the crus/pes via its branches.
Tibial nerve
one of the two terminal branches of the ischiatic nerve.
Runs between the 2 heads of the gastrocnemius muscle.
Supplies the gastrocnemius, soleus, popliteus, and caudal crural muscles.
The caudal cutaneous sural nerve branches off, continues as the plantar nerves.
Peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve)
2nd of the 2 terminal branches of the ischiatic nerve.
Branches into superficial and deep peroneal nerve.
