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ANSC 301: Anatomy of Domestic Animals > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

deep groove that divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

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2
Q

What is the cerebral hemisphere?

A

left and right halves of the cerebrum, includes the cerebral cortex, its white matter and basal nuclei

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3
Q

What is the sulcus?

A

shallow grooves of the brain

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4
Q

What are gyrus?

A

folds of the brain

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5
Q

What is the Cruciate sulcus?

A

separates the frontal/parietal lobes

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6
Q

What is the Lateral rhinal sulcus?

A

separates the piriform lobe from the temporal lobe

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7
Q

What is the Corpus callosum?

A

wide, flat bundle of nerve fibers beneath the cerebral cortex.

Connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres, facilitates communication between L/R

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8
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A

seahorse-like shaped structure that deals with complicated interconnections of the forebrain, hypothalamus and olfactory system. Plays a major role in learning and memory.

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9
Q

What are Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncles)?

A

Fiber tracts between the telencephalon and caudal brainstem where CN III emerges.

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10
Q

What is the Cerebellum?

A

The portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the brain stem.

Acts as a collection house for all information regarding the instantaneous physical status of body (proprioception)

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11
Q

What is the pons?

A

bulge between the midbrain and medulla

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12
Q

What are pyramids?

A

longitudinal swellings on the ventral surface of the medulla

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13
Q

What is the trapezoid body?

A

Don’t need to know function. Just know that is along side the pyramids, two little bulb shapes I guess

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14
Q

What is the vermis?

A

midline of the cerebellum; it separates the cerebellum into two cerebellar hemispheres

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15
Q

What are the lateral cerebellar hemispheres?

A

two divisions of the cerebellum on either side of the vermis

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16
Q

What is Arbor vitae?

A

Cerebellar white matter.

17
Q

What are Cerebellar peduncles?

A

3 pairs of nerve tracts that allow the cerebellum to communicate with the rest of the brain

18
Q

What is Choroid plexus?

A

folds in pia mater with a network of capillaries that produce CSF, composed of ependymal cells.

19
Q

What is the Ventral median fissure?

A

a groove along the anterior midline of the spinal cord that incompletely divides it into symmetrical halves

20
Q

What is Cerebrospinal fluid?

A

fluid that bathes the organs of the central nervous system.

21
Q

What is the Cauda equina?

A

terminal part of the spinal cord

22
Q

What is the Septum pellucidum?

A

a thin membrane located at the midline of the brain between the two cerebral hemispheres, or halves of the brain.

It is connected to the corpus callosum.

23
Q

What are the anatomic divisions of the brain and its corresponding embryonic divisions?

A

Cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
- telencephalon

Brainstem
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- metencephalon
- myelencephalon

Cerebellum
- metencephalon

24
Q

What are the definitive brain cavities and associated cranial nerves of the embryonic brain divisions?

A

Telencephalon: lateral ventricles, CN I (derived from cerebrum)
Diencephalon: 3rd ventricle, CN II (derived from thalamus, hypothalamus)
Mesencephalon: mesencephalic aqueduct, CN III, CN IV (derived from midbrain)
Metencephalon: 4th ventricle, CN V (derived from pons and cerebellum)
Myelencephalon: 4th ventricle, CN VI-XII (derived from medulla oblongata)

25
Q

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

26
Q

What two structures comprise the tectum?

A

Rostral and caudal colliculi.

27
Q

What are the main structures of the ventricular system of the brain and their features?

A

Lateral ventricles
- Paired cavities within each cerebral hemisphere
- Separated by septum pellucidum
- Communicate with the 3rd ventricle via R/L interventricular foramina

3rd ventricle
- Connects the lateral ventricles to the 4th ventricle
- Surrounds the interthalamic adhesion

Mesencephalic/Cerebral aqueduct
- Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle
- Ventral to the cranial colliculus

4th ventricle
- Located beneath the cerebellum and above the medulla oblongata
- Two lateral recesses to the subarachnoid space

Central canal
- Continuation of the 4th ventricle, caudally

28
Q

What is the location of the mesencephalic aqueduct in relationship to the tectum, tegmentum, 3rd ventricle, and 4th ventricle?

A

Tectum - located immediately anterior to the midbrain tectum

Tegmentum - ventral to the mesencephalic aqueduct

Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

29
Q

What structures form the Blood-CSF barrier and the Blood-Brain barrier?

A

Blood-Brain Barrier: the layer of endothelial cells, basal membrane, and astrocytes, tight junctions

Blood-CSF Barrier: choroid epithelial cells, basal membrane and endothelium of the pia mater capillaries. The choroid epithelial cells form a tight junction between the blood and the CSF, and it has microvilli lining.

30
Q

What is the relationship of gray matter to white matter in the spinal cord?

A

Gray matter is centrally located (shaped like a butterfly).
White matter is peripherally arranged, composed of many different tracts.

31
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges and their characteristics?

A

Dura mater (outermost)
- In the skull, is fused with the periosteum of the calvaria
Composed of coarse, irregular connective tissue

Arachnoid (middle layer)
- Has projections (called trabeculae, resemble spider web) from its inner aspect to the pia mater

Pia Mater (innermost)
- Adhered to the surface of the brain

32
Q

Know the twelve cranial nerves by their name & number.

A

Olfactory (I) - sensory
Optic (II) - sensory
Oculomotor (III) - motor
Trochlear (IV) - motor
Trigeminal (V) - both
Abducens (VI) - motor
Facial (VII) - both
Auditory (VIII) - sensory
Glossopharyngeal (IX) - both
Vagal (X) - both
Spinal Accessory (XI) - motor
Hypoglossal (XII) - motor

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ANSC 301: Anatomy of Domestic Animals (22 decks)

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