Hind Limb

Question 1

What bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 1

Fused ilium, ischium, pubic, and acetabular bones

Question 2

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 2

R/L hip bones, sacrum, and first few caudal vertebrae

Question 3

Which bone of the pelvis is the most cranial? The most caudal?

Answer 3

Most cranial: ilium
Most caudal: ischium

Question 4

What is the difference between the tuber coxae and the tuber sacrale?

Answer 4

Tuber coxae is the palpable prominence on the lateral wing - ventral iliac spine

Tuber sacrale is the mediodorsal angle of the wing, where the ilium articulates with the sacrum - dorsal iliac spine.

Question 5

What is the pin bone in the ox?

Answer 5

Ischiatic tuberosity.

Question 6

Which animals have the sacrosciatic ligament?

Answer 6

Horses and Ox

Question 7

Know whether these structures of the femur are medial or lateral: head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter.

Answer 7

Head - medial
Greater trochanter - lateral
Lesser trochanter - medial

Question 8

Is the trochlea of the femur a cranial or caudal structure?

Answer 8

It is a cranial structure.

Question 9

What is the difference between the femoral condyles and epicondyles?

Answer 9

Femoral condyles - Two prominences articulating with the tibia and menisci (smooth, covered by articular cartilage)

Epicondyles - Roughened prominences which serve as attachment sites for collateral ligaments.

Question 10

Does the coxofemoral joint have collateral ligaments? What about the stifle joint?

Answer 10

Coxofemoral joint - NO
Stifle joint - YES

Question 11

Know which is medial/lateral between the tibia and the fibula.

Answer 11

Fibula - LATERAL
Tibia - MEDIAL

Question 12

What are the species differences in the development of the fibula?

Answer 12

Horse - distal fibula is fused with the tibia, reaches ½ way down tibia
Carnivores and pigs - fibula and tibia not fused
Ruminants - head of the fibula is fused to the tibia

Question 13

What is the largest sesamoid bone of the body? What muscle tendon is it located in?

Answer 13

The PATELLA is the largest sesamoid bone of the body. Located within the QUADRICEPS FEMORIS muscle tendon.

Question 14

What are the two joints that comprise the stifle joint?

Answer 14

1. Femur & Patella
2. Femur & Tibia

Question 15

Know which meniscus is fused with its corresponding collateral ligament.

Answer 15

Medial collateral ligament - fuses with the joint capsule and the medial meniscus
Lateral collateral ligament - fuses with the lateral meniscus.

Question 16

Know the function of each cruciate ligament. What bone is it named for its attachment to?

Answer 16

Cranial cruciate ligament - prevents cranial movement of the tibia in relationship to the femur
Caudal cruciate ligament - prevents caudal movement of the tibia

Tibia.

Question 17

What is the structure of the carnivore tarsus?

Answer 17

Seven bones
Proximal row - talus, calcaneus
Middle row - central
Distal row - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th tarsal bone.

Question 18

is the talus is medial or lateral?

Answer 18

Medial

Question 19

Is the calcaneus medial or lateral?

Answer 19

Lateral

Question 20

Know the important structures of the pelvic bones.

Answer 20

Ilium
- Largest of the hip bones
- Forms the cranial part of the acetabulum
- Wing
- Body

Ischium
- Ischiatic tuberosity
- Ischiatic arch

Pubic
- Cranioventral part of the hip bone/os coxae
- L-shaped bone
- Iliopubic eminence
- Pecten

Acetabulum
- Concave structure that articulates with the head of the femur
- Acetabular notch
- Obturator foramen