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ANSC 301: Anatomy of Domestic Animals > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovarian bursa

A

Fat-covered peritoneal lining that encloses the ovaries.

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2
Q

Ovulation fossa

A

Where ovulation occurs in mares.

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3
Q

Corpus hemorrhagicum

A

A small hemorrhage or blood clotted area that develops at the site of a ruptured follicle. Transient (lasts 2-3 days).

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4
Q

Corpus luteum

A

A yellow body of cells that develops in place of the corpus hemorrhagicum and produces progesterone.

Temporary endocrine organ.
In most domestic animals, it lasts the entire pregnancy.

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5
Q

Corpus albicans

A

A white body of connective tissue that is the result of the degeneration and resorption of luteal tissue (“scars”).

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6
Q

Intercornual ligament

A

Dorsal and ventral ligaments connecting the uterine horns in the cow and ewe.

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7
Q

Cervix

A

The constricted caudal part of the uterus joining the uterus to vagina.
Located in the pelvic cavity.
Thick walled and inelastic.
Obstacle for sperm migration.
Holds the fetus in the uterus.

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8
Q

Fornix

A

360 degree blind-ended pocket around the cervical opening.

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9
Q

Vestibule

A

Part of the reproductive tract belonging to both the urinary and genital systems. Connects the vagina with the vulva.
Stratified squamous epithelium.

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10
Q

Placentome

A

Caruncle and cotyledon together.

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11
Q

Caruncle

A

Circular to ovoid, internal, specialized thickenings of the ruminant’s endometrium.

Makes up the maternal component of the placenta.

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12
Q

Cotyledon

A

A lobule of the mammalian placenta. Fetal component.

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13
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A

Mound of cells supporting the oocyte.

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14
Q

Corona radiata

A

Layer of cells adjacent to the oocyte.

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15
Q

Tunica albuguinea

A

Dense, white, connective tissue deep to the superficial epithelium.

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16
Q

Thecal cells

A

Group of endocrine cells in the ovary made up of connective tissue surrounding the follicle.
Surrounding stromal cells are induced to develop into spindle-shaped theca cells.

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17
Q

Vestibular glands

A

Open into the vestibule and lubricate the vagina/vestibule during parturition and copulation.
Bartholin’s glands are the prominent vestibular glands in the cow and queen.

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18
Q

Spermatogonia

A

An undifferentiated male germ cell.

Spermatogonia undergo spermatogenesis to form mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.

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19
Q

What is the primary female sex hormone? Which stage follicle produces it?

A

Estrogen. Mature/graafian follicle produce and store estrogen.

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20
Q

What is the pregnancy-promoting hormone?

A

Progesterone.

21
Q

What is the primary female reproductive cell?

A

Oocyte (“egg”).

22
Q

Which species of animal has the ovarian cortex in the center?

A

Mares (horses).

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the Primordial follicles?

A

Early stages of development of the mammalian egg.
Each follicle contains one oocyte, which potentially can be ovulated.
Most never ovulate.
Single layer of thin, squamous follicular epithelium.

24
Q

What are the characteristics of Primary follicles?

A

Single layer of cuboidal epithelium.

25
Q

What are the characteristics of Secondary follicles?

A

Stratified epithelium.
Oocytes develop a thick, translucent covering (zona pellucida).
Non-cellular glycoprotein coat.
Surrounding stromal cells are induced to develop into spindle-shaped theca cells.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Tertiary/antral follicles?

A

Larger and develop a fluid filled zone (antrum).
Contain the cumulus oophorus and corona radiata.

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Mature follicles?

A

Continues to increase in size. Produces/stores estrogen.

28
Q

What are the three segments of the oviduct?

A
  1. Infundibulum
  2. Ampulla
  3. Isthmus
29
Q

What are the characteristics of the Infundibulum?

A

The expanded, funnel-shaped ovarian end of the oviduct.
Abdominal opening of the oviduct.
It is the only opening of the peritoneal cavity to the outside in the female animal.
Contains fimbriae.

30
Q

What are the characteristics of the Ampulla?

A

Infundibulum leads to the ampulla.
Longest, largest region of the oviduct. Convoluted, ciliated epithelium.
Muscular outer wall (smooth muscle).
Slows the movement of the oocyte.

31
Q

What are the characteristics of the Isthmus?

A

Distal portion of the oviduct. Leads distally to the uterine horn.

32
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
33
Q

Which species have annular rings in their cervix?

A

Cows (female bovine) and Ewes (female sheep).

34
Q

Which species have a funnel shaped cervix?

A

Sows (female pigs).

35
Q

Know whether the vagina is acidic or basic.

A

Acidic

36
Q

What is a suburethral diverticulum? Which species have them?

A

Blind pocket in the sow and cow. May block urine from entering the uterus.

37
Q

What are the three parts of the broad ligament?

A
  1. Mesovarium
  2. Mesosalpinx
  3. Mesometrium
38
Q

Which structures do the proper ovarian ligament connect?

A

Connects the ovary to the end of the uterine horn.

39
Q

Which structures do the suspensory ligament of the ovary connect?

A

Attaches the ovary to the last rib.

40
Q

What are the three fetal membranes and which is closest to the fetus?

A
  1. Amnion (closest to fetus)
  2. Allantois
  3. Chorion
41
Q

What are the key features of the Amnion?

A

Innermost embryonic membrane surrounding the amniotic cavity and fetus. Provides the fluid environment that protects the fetus.

42
Q

What are the key features of the Allantois?

A

Middle embryonic membrane.
An evagination from the hindgut.
Lines the inside of the chorion and forms the chorioallantoic membrane.
Lines the outside of the amnion, forming the allantoamnion.
Provides the vasculature from the mother to the two membranes.
Collects liquid waste from the fetus.

43
Q

What are the key features of the Chorion?

A

Outermost embryonic membrane surrounding the allantoic cavity, amnion, amniotic cavity and fetus.

Makes up the fetal layer of the placenta. Comes into contact with the endometrium. Composed of 2 layers of cells.

44
Q

What are the 6 layers (three layers of the chorioallantois/three layers of the endometrium) which comprise the placenta?

A

Three layers of the chorioallantois
1. Fetal endothelium
2. Fetal connective tissue of the chorioallantois
3. Chorionic epithelium

+ Three layers of the endometrium
1. Maternal epithelium of the endometrium
2. Maternal connective tissue
3. Maternal endothelium

45
Q

What is the difference between endotheliochorial and epitheliochorial placentas and which species are they found in?

A

Endotheliochorial placentas - Found in carnivores. Maternal epithelium and connective tissue layers are absent. Maternal endothelium directly contacts the chorionic epithelium.

Epitheliochorial placentas - Found in horse, pig, and ruminants. Have all six layers.

46
Q

Diffuse placentas? What species are they found in?

A

Apposition is over most of the chorioallantois by villi and microvilli evaginating into the endometrium.

Found in horse and pig.

47
Q

Cotyledonary placentas? What species are they found in?

A

Found in ruminants where apposition occurs in discrete areas.

48
Q

Zonary placentas? What species are they found in?

A

A broad band of apposition of maternal and fetal tissue around the transverse circumference of the chorioallantois.

Found in carnivores.

49
Q

What is the relative position of the female reproductive tract, colon, and urinary bladder?

A

Uterus lies dorsal to the urinary bladder and ventral to the descending colon and rectum.

ANSC 301: Anatomy of Domestic Animals (22 decks)

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