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Y1 - MSK > The Knee Joint > Flashcards

The Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 articulations of the knee joint?

A

Tibiofemoral (Between distal femur and proximal tibia)

Patellofemoral (Articulation with the patella)

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2
Q

What type of fluid is found around the knee joint?

A

Synovial fluid

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3
Q

Why does the knee joint have greater stability when locked/fully extended?

A

Greater articulating surface
(Femoral condyles have a greater surface area of contact with the tibial plateau

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4
Q

What anatomical movement happens to the femur when the knee joint locks and unlocks?

A

Slight medial rotation to lock it

Laterally rotates to unlock it

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5
Q

What is the advantage of the knee locking?

A

Prevents muscle fatigue as constant muscle contraction is not required if bones lock together

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6
Q

What is the knee joint supported by?

A

Intracapsular ligaments (ACL and PCL)
Extracapsular ligaments (Lateral Collateral and Medial Collateral ligaments)
Menisci
Quadriceps
Joint Capsule

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7
Q

What are Menisci?

A

Fibrocartilage found on the superior surface of the Tibial plateau

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8
Q

What is the shape of the lateral meniscus?

A

Round

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9
Q

What is the shape of the Medial meniscus?

A

C-Shaped

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10
Q

What ligament is the medial meniscus connected to?

A

Medial collateral ligament

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11
Q

What is the function of the Menisci?

A

SHOCK absorption
Increase congruity of the joint (SA of contact between femoral condyles and tibial plateau)

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12
Q

What is Valgus strain?

A

Strain that tries to push the knee joint MEDIALLY

(Lateral to medial)

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13
Q

What is a way to remember what ValGUS strain is?

A

A GUST of wind makes a woman bring her KNEES TOGETHER while she holds down her dress

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14
Q

What is Varus strain?

A

When the knee is trying to be forced LATERALLY

(MEDIAL to LATERAL)

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15
Q

What is an easy way to remember what Varus strain is?

A

Opposite of ValGUS

Think Rickets = bowed legs
Rickets has an R in it
VaRus

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16
Q

Where is the Anterior Cruciate ligament located?

A

Inserts Anteriorly on the intercondylar eminence of Tibia and intercondylar fossa of the femur

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17
Q

What is the function of the Anterior Cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents Tibia moving anteriorly relative to the femur

Prevents Femur moving posteriorly relative to the tibia

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18
Q

Where is the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) in the joint?

A

Inserts/attaches posteriorly on the tibia at the intercondylar eminence

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19
Q

What is the function of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?

A

Prevents Tibia moving posteriorly relative to the femur

Prevents Femur moving anteriorly relative to the Tibia

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20
Q

What are Bursae?

A

Fluid filled sacs

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21
Q

What is the function of Bursae?

A

Increase fluidity of the joint reducing friction of the knee

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22
Q

Where is the superficial/subcutaneous preptellar bursa located?

A

Anterior to patella

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23
Q

Where is Subsatorial bursa located?

A

Associated with peas anserinus

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24
Q

Where is the Semimembranosus bursa located?

A

Posterior to the knee joint

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25
Q

What is the joint capsule composed of?

A

Outer thin fibrous membrane
Inner synovial membrane

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26
Q

What is the function of the joint capsule?

A

Provide rigidity and stability of joint

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27
Q

Which muscles strengthen the joint capsule medially and the laterally?

A

Medial Strength = Vastus medialis

Lateral strength = Vastus Lateralis

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28
Q

What ligaments strengthen the joints capsule medially and laterally?

A

The collateral ligaments
Medially = Medial collateral ligament

Laterally = Lateral collateral ligament

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29
Q

What are the 4 muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris of the ANTERIOR compartment of the thigh?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

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30
Q

Where is Vastus intermedius located?

A

Underneath Rectus femoris

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31
Q

Where do all the 4 quadriceps femoris muscles insert?

A

Quadriceps tendon (which leads to patella which leads to patellar ligament)

32
Q

What functions do the muscels of quadriceps femoris (Rectus fem, Vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis) have?

A

Knee extension (All join to patella at quadriceps tendon)

Hip Flexion (Only Rectus femoris)

33
Q

Why does Rectus Femoris contribute to knee extension and hip Flexion? (Origin and insertion)

A

Origin = Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) of Hip

Insertion = Quadriceps Tendon

34
Q

What is the origin of Rectus femoris?

A

Anterior Inferior Iliac spine

35
Q

What is the origin of Vastus lateralis?

A

Greater trochanter + linea aspera

36
Q

What is the origin of Vastus intermedius?

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft

37
Q

What is the origin of Vastus medialis?

A

Intratrochanteric line + medial lip of linea aspera

38
Q

What is the other non quadriceps muscle in the anterior thigh?

A

Sartorius

39
Q

What is the function of Sartorius?

A

Knee Flexion
(Synergist so isn’t only muscle that does Flexion)

40
Q

What is the origin of Sartorius?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

41
Q

Where is the insertion of Sartorius?

A

The Pes anserinus

Region on media side of the tibia

42
Q

What are all the muscles of the ANTERIOR part of the thigh innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve

43
Q

What is the function of the hamstrings of the posterior thigh in terms of the knee?

A

Knee Flexion

44
Q

What are the 4 hamstring muscles?

A

Biceps femoris (long head)
Biceps femoris (short head)
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

45
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris (long head) , Semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

46
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris (short head)?

A

Linea aspera

47
Q

Where does the biceps femoris insert?

A

Fibula

48
Q

What nerve innervates all 4 of the hamstring muscles?

A

Sciatic nerve

49
Q

Which nerve innervates the short head of Biceps femoris?

A

Common fibular divison of the sciatic nerve

50
Q

What nerve innervates the long head of biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

A

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve

51
Q

Where does semitendinosus insert?

A

Pes anserinus

52
Q

What medial thigh muscle is important in knee felxion?

A

Gracillis

53
Q

What is the origin of Gracilis?

A

Pubic tubercle

54
Q

What is the insertion of Gracilis?

A

Pes anserinus

55
Q

What nerve innervates all of the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator nerve

56
Q

What is the function of the popliteal/ popliteus muscle?

A

Slight lateral rotation of the knee to UNLOCK the knee

57
Q

What innervates the popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve

58
Q

What is the blood supply to the knee joint?

A

Femoral arteries and popliteal arteries join up and branch forming GENICULAR Arteries

59
Q

What does anastomoses mean?

A

Joining up of vessels

60
Q

What is the nerve supply to the knee joint?

A

Many due to Hiltons law:
-Femoral
-Obturator
-Tibial division of sciatic
-Common fibular division of sciatic

61
Q

What is Hiltons law?

A

Nerves that supply muscles that cross a joint will innervate the joint and the above skin

62
Q

Where is the femoral triangle found?

A

Superior anterior potion of the thigh

The top of the thigh

63
Q

What is the superior border of the femoral triangle ?

A

Inguinal ligament

64
Q

What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius

65
Q

What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus

66
Q

What muscles make up the triangle border of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus

67
Q

What forms the roof oof the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata

68
Q

What 2 muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle ?

A

Pectineus
Ilopsoas

69
Q

How can the femoral pulse be located?

A

Midpoint between the diagonal of the ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) and the pubic symphysis

70
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

The gap between the adductor Magnus and the tibia

71
Q

What Pneumonic can be remembered to remember the neurovascular bundle of the femoral triangle from LATERAL to MEDIAL?

A

NAVEL or NAVY

72
Q

What does NAVEL stand for?

A

Nerve (Femoral)
Artery (Femoral)
Vein (Femoral)
Empty space (Femoral canal)
Lymphatics

73
Q

What does NAVY stand for?

A

Nerve
Artery
Vein
Y front (the shape of the groin so you can remember the direction)

74
Q

What is contained in the femoral canal/empty space of the femoral triangle?

A

Lymphatics

75
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

Fascia that surrounds the femoral artery veins and femoral canal

76
Q

What is the problem with the femoral canal?

A

Contents of abdomen ay move down the femoral canal forming a femoral hernia

Y1 - MSK (36 decks)

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