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Y1 - MSK > MSK Dissection 4 - Lower Leg, Ankle And Foot > Flashcards

MSK Dissection 4 - Lower Leg, Ankle And Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anterior leg muscles?

A

Tibialis Anterior
extensor Hallucis longus
extensor Digitorium longus

Fibularis tertius (Not present in all individuals)

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2
Q

What is the function of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Dorsiflex ankle
Invert foot

2 also extend toes

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3
Q

Which 2 muscles in the anterior compartment as well as ankle Dorsiflexion and inversion carry out toe extension?

A

Extensor Hallucis longus
Extensor Digitorium longus

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4
Q

Where does extensor Digitorium longus insert?

A

Dorsal surface of distal phalanges of digits 2,3,4 and 5

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5
Q

Where does extensor Hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalange of dorsal surface of the big toe (digit 1)

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6
Q

Where does Fibularis Tertius insert if its present?

A

Dorsal surface of the fifth metatarsal

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7
Q

What Pneumonic can be used to remember the anterior leg muscles running from MEDIAL to LATERAL?

A

THuD
Tibialis anterior
extensor Hallucis longus
extensor Digitorium longus

(Sometimes Fibularis tertius)

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8
Q

What nerve innervates all of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Front of leg = deep Fibular nerve

F for front and fibular

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9
Q

Where does Tibialis anterior originate?

A

Lateral surface of Tibia

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10
Q

Where does Tibialis anterior insert?

A

Dorsum of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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11
Q

Where does Extensor Digitorium longus originate?

A

Lateral tibial condyle
Medial fibular
Introsseous membrane

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12
Q

Where does extensor Hallucis longus originate?

A

Medial surface of fibular shaft

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13
Q

Where does Fibularis tertius originate?

A

Medial surface of fibula

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14
Q

List the anterior leg muscles in order of most superficial to deep:

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Digitorium longus
Extensor Hallucis longus

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15
Q

Where does Fibularis tertius usually arise from?

A

The inferior part of extensor Digitorium longus if its present

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16
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior Tibial artery

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17
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

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18
Q

What is the role of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Eversion of ankle

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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20
Q

Which lateral leg muscle is the most superficial?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis deep to longus

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21
Q

Where does Fibularis longus originate?

A

Lateral surface of fibula

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22
Q

Where does the tendon of Fibularis longus insert?

A

Tendon goes behind lateral malleolus (fibula) to the medial side of the foot attaching to the plantar surface of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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23
Q

Where does Fibularis brevis originate?

A

Inferolateral surface of fibular shaft

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24
Q

Where does the tendon of Fibularis brevis insert?

A

Moves posterior to lateral malleolus deep to Fibularis longus tendon and inserts in tubercles on base of 5th metatarsal

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25
Q

What are the 2 compartment within the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial posterior compartment
Deep posterior compartment

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26
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantarflexion
Inversion
(Some are knee flexors)

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27
Q

What is the innervation of all of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve/Tibial nerve

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28
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris (not present in everybody)
Soleus

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29
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember the 3 superficial muscles of the posterior leg from most superficial to deep if plantaris IS present?

A

GPS

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

30
Q

What is the blood supply to the posterior leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein (away)

31
Q

What are the 2 parts to gastrocnemius?

A

Lateral head of gastrocnemius
Medial head of gastrocnemius

32
Q

What muscles of the posterior leg blend together to form the Achilles tendon/calcaneal tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius (Lateral and medial heads)
Plantaris
Soleus

33
Q

Where does the lateral head of gastrocnemius originate?

A

Lateral femoral condyle

34
Q

Where does the medial head of gastrocnemius originate?

A

Medial femoral condyle

35
Q

What is the function of gastrocnemius as well as being a plantarflexor of the ankle and why?

A

Knee flexor

Cross both the knee and ankle joint

36
Q

What is the origin of plantaris?

A

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

37
Q

Where does Soleus originate?

A

Soleal line of tibia

38
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorium longus
flexor Hallucis longus

Popliteus

39
Q

Where is popliteus located in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superior potion posterior to the knee
Forms part of the floor of the popliteal fossa

40
Q

What is the function of the popliteus?

A

Laterally rotates femur unlocking knee joint

41
Q

What is the origin and insertion of popliteus?

A

Origin = Tibia above Soleal line
Insertions = lateral femoral condyle

42
Q

When looking at the posterior leg, what pneumonic is used to remember the order that structures are seen from MOST MEDIAL to LATERAL?

A

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry

Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorium longus
posterior tibial Artery
posterior tibial Vein
tibial divison of sciatic Nerve/tibial Nerve

43
Q

Where does flexor Digitorium longus insert?

A

Plantar surface of distal phalanges of digits 2,3,4 and 5

44
Q

What is the function of flexor Digitorium longus?

A

Flexor of toes 2,3,4,5
Plantarflexor of ankle
Inversion of ankle

45
Q

Where does flexor Hallucis longus insert?

A

Plantar surface of distal phalange of digit 1 (big toe)

46
Q

What is the function of flexor Hallucis longus?

A

Extensor of great toe
Plantar Flexion of ankle
Inversion of ankle

47
Q

Where does TIbialis posterior originate and insert

A

Origin = Intraosseous membrane between tibia and fibula

Insertion = Plantar surface of navicular and medial cuneiform

48
Q

What is the Tibialis posterior function?

A

Plantarflexor of ankle
Inversion
Maintains medial arch

49
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

Space posterior to the knee joint

50
Q

What vessels and nerve pass through the popliteal fossa running inferiorly?

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Common fibular division of sciatic nerve

51
Q

What structure do the blood vessels of the anterior thigh pass through to reach the popliteal fossa?

A

Adductor hiatus

52
Q

What blood vessels enter into the adductor hiatus and become the popliteal artery and vein?

A

Femoral artery and femoral vein

53
Q

What muscles form the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Gastrocnemius both lateral and medial heads
Semitendinosus and semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

54
Q

What boundary does the lateral head of gastrocnemius form of the popliteal fossa?

A

Inferior lateral boundary

55
Q

What boundary does the medial head of gastrocnemius form of the popliteal fossa?

A

Inferior medial boundary

56
Q

What boundary does the biceps femoris form of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superior lateral boundary

57
Q

What boundary does semimembranosus and semitendinosus form of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superior medial boundary

58
Q

How can you differentiate between semitendinosus and Semimembranosus?

A

Semimembranosus is most medial of the 2
Semitendinosus is more superficial than semimembranosus

59
Q

Why is the popliteal fossa clinically relevant?

A

Contains important neurovascular bundles and can SWELL

60
Q

How are the vessels and nerve situated in the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial nerve most superior
Popliteal vein intermediate
Popliteal artery deepest

61
Q

What may swelling of the popliteal fossa occur?

A

Popliteal aneurysm
Bakers cyst (semimembranosus bursitis)

62
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Dilation of an artery greater than 50% of normal diameter

63
Q

What is the problem with a popliteal aneurysm?

A

Popliteal artery may squash tibial nerve (parasthesia of foot and posterolateral leg, weak Plantarflexion)

64
Q

What is unusual about the positioning of flexor Hallucis longus and flexor Digitorium longus of the posterior leg?

A

FHL is lateral and FDL is medial
Strange since FHL connects to the most medial toe (Big toe) and FDL connects to the lateral toes (2,3,4,5)

65
Q

What is the tarsal tunnel?

A

Tunnel that allows passage of tendons, nerves and vessels from the posterior leg to the foot

66
Q

Where is the tarsal tunnel located?

A

Medial aspect of foot on the posterior side

67
Q

What is the connective tissue called that forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

68
Q

What happens to the tendons of the flexor Hallucis longus and flexor Digitorium longus in the tarsal tunnel?

A

The swap/cross over so the Hallucis can insert on the big toe and the Digitorium can insert on the lateral 4 digits

69
Q

What nerve gets compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

70
Q

What happens to the common fibular nerve as it passes through to the other side of the popliteal fossa?

A

Branches to the superficial and deep fibular nerves
Superficial fibular nerve runs to the lateral compartment of the leg
Deep fibular nerve runs to the anterior compartment of the leg

71
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum connect?

A

Medial malleolus (Tibia) OBLIQUELY to medial tubercle of CALCANEOUS

Y1 - MSK (36 decks)

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