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Y1 - MSK > Anatomy Of Lumbar Spine > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Lumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of vertebrae making up the spine in descending order?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

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2
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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3
Q

How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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4
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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5
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

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6
Q

How many Coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

4

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7
Q

What is special about the 5 sacral vertebrae?

A

Fused together to form Sacrum

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8
Q

What is special about the coccygeal vertebrae?

A

Fused together

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9
Q

What is the function of the spine?

A

Protects spinal cord
Bears weight
Locomotion
Posture

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10
Q

What is a function of the vertebral body of a vertebra?

A

Site of Haematopoiesis

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11
Q

What genes signal the development of somites?

A

HOX genes

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12
Q

What do somites form?

A

Sclerotomes
Dermatomyotomes

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13
Q

What is the primary curvature of the spine formed in the embryo?

A

Concave structure with the head facing forwards

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14
Q

What are the 2 primary curvatures of the spine?

A

Thoracic spine
Sacrum

Called Kyphosis

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15
Q

What is meant by the primary curvature of the spine?

A

Curvature formed at birth
Called Kyphosis

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16
Q

What is meant by secondary curvatures?

A

Curvature not present at birth but develop through life
Called Lordosis

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17
Q

What are the 2 secondary curvatures of the spine? (Lordosis)

A

Convex curvature of cervical spine

Convex curvature of lumbar spine

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18
Q

How does the Cervical curvature of the spine form? (Lordosis)

A

When we can hold our head by ourself

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19
Q

How does the lumbar curvature of the spine form? (Lordosis)

A

When we learn to walk

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20
Q

What are some vertebral column disorders?

A

Scoliosis
Lordosis
Kyphosis

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21
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

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22
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

Secondary curvature of Lumbar spine and Cervical spine which are formed after birth

Cervical Lordosis when we can hold our heads
Lumbar Lordosis when we learn to walk

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23
Q

What is Kyphosis?

A

Primary curvatures of the spine which are formed before birth

Thoracic kyphosis
Sacrum kyphosis

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24
Q

What are the 2 main parts of a vertebra?

A

Ventral/anterior vertebral body
Posterior vertebral arch

25
Q

What is the bony structure that joins the vertebral body to the posterior arch?

A

Pedicles

26
Q

What is the hole between the vertebral body and arch called?

A

Vertebral foramen

27
Q

When vertebrae are stacked on top of each other, what do the vertebral foramina form and what does it contain?

A

Spinal canal

Spinal cord
Cauda equina

28
Q

On the vertebral arch, what is the part called which sticks out posteriorly?

A

Spinous process

29
Q

What 2 components come together to form the spinous process?

A

Lamina

30
Q

Of the lumbar spine, how does the size of the lumbar vertebral bodies change as you descend the spine and why?

A

They get bigger

Increase their weight bearing ability

31
Q

What are the superior and inferior articular processes?

A

Allows articulation with vertebra above and below
Fascet joints

32
Q

What are the outward protrusions on theposterior vertebral arch called and what is their function?

A

Transverse process
Site of muscle attachment

33
Q

How do cervical vertebrae differ to lumbar vertebrae?

A

Have holes in their transverse processes

34
Q

How are C1 and C2 specially structured vertebrae?

What is their function?

A

C1 = No vertebral body + massive vertebral foramen

C2 = has an extra structure called a dens (like a tooth)

Allows for rotation

35
Q

How are thoracic vertebrae structured?

A

More triangle vertebral body
More circular vertebral Foramen
Also have articular surfaces/facet joint where they join to the ribs

36
Q

How are lumbar vertebrae structured?

A

More triangle vertebral foramen
Round kidney bean shaped vertebral body

37
Q

What are the intervertebral foramina?

A

Holes by which spinal nerves (dorsal root + ventral root) leave the spinal canal

38
Q

What is the cartilage called between the vertebral bodies?

A

Intervertebral discs

Hyaline cartilage line end of bones, then articulates with intervertebral disc

39
Q

What are the 2 parts to an intervertebral disc and how are they situated?

A

Nucleus pulposus (Central)

Annulus fibrosis (Peripherally/surrounding nucleus pulposus)

40
Q

Why is it bad for surrounding nerves if the nucleus pulpsosus comes into contact with it when it tears?

A

It has an acidic environment

41
Q

Why does healing of the intervertebral discs take so long?

A

Avascular (Poor blood supply)

42
Q

What is the facet joint?

A

Synovial joint between inferior facet/articular process of 1 vertebra and the superior facet/articular process of the vertebra inferior to it

43
Q

What are the features of a synovial joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Joint capsule
Synovial fluid

44
Q

How are the facet joints orientated in the lumbar vertebra?

A

90º to transverse plane
45º to coronal plane

So basically diagonally outwards

45
Q

What is Flexion and extension of the spine?

A

Flexion = bending forward
Extension = bending backwards

46
Q

What is lateral Flexion and lateral extension?

A

Instead of bending backwards bend to the side (LATERAL FLEXION)

Lateral extension = Bending body back to middle

47
Q

What other movements other than Flexion and extension does the spine allow?

A

Rotation of head and neck

Rotation of upper trunk

48
Q

What are the 5 different ligaments of the vertebrae?

A

Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament

49
Q

Where is the supraspinous ligament found?

A

Running on the spinous processes joining them together

50
Q

Where is the interspinous ligament?

A

Joins the superior and inferior aspects of the spinous process/arch lamina

51
Q

Where is the ligamentum flavum?

A

Forms posterior part of spinal canal

52
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Forms anterior part of spinal canal
Running along the posterior aspect of all the vertebral bodies

53
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Front of the spinal canal

54
Q

If looking at the vertebrae list the order of the most anterior ligament to posterior ligament:

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament

55
Q

What sacral spinal nerves contribute to the lumbosacral plexus forming the sciatic?

A

S1
S2
S3

56
Q

What runs through the canal inferiorly through the canal of the sacrum?

A

Cauda equina

57
Q

When looking at an anterior posterior view of the spine what are we checking lines up?

A

The owl eyes (Dark spots of the pedicles)

The owl beaks (Spinous processes)

58
Q

When looking at a spinal xray from the side on (longitudinal) what are you checking aligns?

A

Vertebral bodies
No steps

59
Q

Why are T2 images good at viewing the spine (MRI)?

A

White is paler/white

Can see how hydrated intervertebral discs are

Can see the CSF very clearly

Y1 - MSK (36 decks)

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