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Y1 - MSK > Part 1 - Dermatomes And Myotomes > Flashcards

Part 1 - Dermatomes And Myotomes Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomically, what is a neural segment known as?

A

A neural level

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2
Q

What day of embryological development does the neural plate form (primitive neural tissue?

A

18 days

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3
Q

What day of embryological development does the neural plate begin to invaginate to form the neural groove?

A

21 days

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4
Q

What week of embryological development does the neural groove close/ fuse together to form the neural tube?

A

4th week (22days ….)

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5
Q

From where does the neural groove start to close and which direction does this closing happen?

A

Starts centrally
Then the closing happens outwards in the caudal and cephalic direction

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6
Q

When do paired somites form in embryological development?

A

4th week

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7
Q

Where are the paired somites located?

A

Either side of the neural tube

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8
Q

In embryological development, which structure contains the precursor cells of the nervous system?

A

Neural tube

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9
Q

What do the somites differentiate into?

A

Sclerotome
Dermatomyotome

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10
Q

Which part of the somite differentiates into the sclerotome?

A

The ventral side

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11
Q

Which part of the somite differentiates into the dermatomyotome?

A

Dorsal side

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12
Q

What does the dermatomyotome differentiate into?

A

Dermis (Skin) and muscle

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13
Q

What does the sclerotome differentiate into?

A

Vertebrae
Ribs

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14
Q

What does each segment of the spinal cord have?

A

A spinal nerve

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15
Q

What do all Dermatomyotome develop in association with?

A

A specific neural level of the spinal cord

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16
Q

As a Dermatomyotome migrates to its area, what does it take with it from the neural tube?

A

Spinal nerve

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17
Q

What is important to know about the nerve supply of the skin and muscle derived from a single dermatomyotome?

A

They have a common spinal nerve supply

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18
Q

What is the connective tissue called that surrounds a single axon?

A

Endoneurium

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19
Q

What are many axons running in parallel called?

A

Fascicle

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20
Q

What is the connective tissue called that surrounds a fascicle?

A

Perineurium

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21
Q

What is a collection of fascicles called?

A

The nerve

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22
Q

What is the connective tissue called that surrounds a nerve?

A

Epineurium

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23
Q

What are the blood vessels called that are found within the Epineurium of the nerve?

A

Vasa nervorum

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24
Q

What are spinal nerve roots?

A

They connect each spinal nerve to a segment of spinal cord

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25
Q

What type of nerve fibres/axons do dorsal/posterior roots contain?

A

Sensory or afferent fibres

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26
Q

What type of nerve fibres do ventral/anterior roots contain?

A

Motor/efferent and Autonomic fibres

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27
Q

What is a dorsal root ganglion?

A

A group of cell bodies of sensory neurons from the periphery just before the spinal cord is reached

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28
Q

What makes up a spinal nerve?

A

Both Dorsal (sensory) and Ventral (motor) roots together

29
Q

Where do you find spinal nerves?

A

The intervertebral foramen

30
Q

Where marks the division between the CNS and PNS?

A

Spinal nerves in the Intervertebral foramina

31
Q

How is a vertebra formed from somites?

A

The sclerotomes from 2 adjacent somites both contribute to the formation of 1 vertebra

32
Q

What do you call the space created by multiple vertebral foramina?

A

Spinal Canal

33
Q

What passes through the spinal canal/multiple vertebral foramina?

A

Spinal cord

34
Q

Through what structure do the spinal nerves leave the spinal canal?

A

Intervertebral Foramen

35
Q

Where does the spinal cord start?

A

Inferior margin of medulla oblongata

36
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1 - L2
Called Conus medullaris

37
Q

What happens at the end of the spinal cord (Conus medullaris)?

A

Long spinal roots come out from the conus medullaris and descend down until they exit at their respective foramina

38
Q

What is the group of long descending roots from the conus medullaris called?

A

Cauda equina

39
Q

Do the C1 - C7 spinal nerves exit their intervertebral foramina above or below their corresponding vertebrae?

A

ABOVE THEIR VERTEBRAE

40
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are their?

A

7

41
Q

How many cervical nerves are their?

A

8

42
Q

Where does the spinal nerve C8 exit the spinal canal?

A

Between C7 and T1
Under C7 but above T1

43
Q

Do the spinal nerves T1 - L5 exit ABOVE or BELOW their corresponding vertebrae?

A

BELOW THIER VERTEBRAE

44
Q

What is special about the structure of the sacral vertebrae (S1 - S4)?

A

They are fused together forming the Sacral bone

45
Q

What are the foramina called by which the S1 - S4 spinal nerves exit through?

A

Sacral foramina

46
Q

What structure does the S5 and Co1 spinal nerves exit via?

A

Sacral hiatus

47
Q

What happens once a spinal nerve exits the an intervertebral foramen?

A

Branches into 2 ram II

48
Q

What are the 2 rami that form when the spinal nerve exits the intervertebral Foramen?

A

Dorsal/posterior ramus
Ventral/anterior ramus

49
Q

What do the dorsal/posterior rami supply?

A

Deep muscles and skin of the dorsal (posterior trunk, so the back)

50
Q

What do the ventral/anterior rami supply?

A

Muscles and skin of UPPER and LOWER LIMBS and LATERAL and VENTRAL TRUNK

51
Q

What is a meningeal branch?

A

A brach off of the spinal nerve which renters the spinal canal via the intervertebral Foramen

52
Q

What do the meningeal branches supply?

A

Vertebrae
Ligaments
Blood vessels
Meninges

53
Q

What are the 2 types of Rami communicantes?

A

White Rami communicantes
Grey Rami communicantes

54
Q

What does the white rami communicantes contain?

A

Sympathetic pre ganglioninc MYELINATED fibres
They come off between T1 and L2

FIbres enter sympathetic chain and synapse

55
Q

What do the Gray rami communicantes contain?

A

Post ganglionic fibres supplying the periphery

Come off at all levels

56
Q

What do the Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves supply?

A

Muscle and skin of posterior trunk

57
Q

What do the ventral rami of the spinal nerves supply?

A

Anterior trunk
Lateral trunk
Upper limbs
Lower limbs

58
Q

How do the dorsal/posterior rami further divide?

A

Medial branch
Lateral branch

59
Q

Compare the supply of the dorsal/posterior rami to the skin to the ventral/anterior rami?

A

Dorsal = Supply skin to oback in tidy segmental manner

Ventral = Trunk is segmental, complicated for limbs due to plexuses

60
Q

What is a Dermatome?

A

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

61
Q

What is a plexus?

A

Network of intersecting nerves arising from the anterior/ventral rami

62
Q

What nerves make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

63
Q

What does the brachial plexus supply?

A

Upper limbs

64
Q

What spinal nerves make up the Lumbo-sacral plexus?

A

L1 - S5

65
Q

What does the lumbo-sacral plexus supply?

A

Lower limbs

66
Q

On the Dermatome map, what is the next Dermatome in the trunk following C4?

A

T2

67
Q

What landmark can be used to find T10 Dermatome?

A

Umbilicus (belly button)

68
Q

What landmark is roughly used for the T4, T5 Dermatome?

A

Nipples

69
Q

Where is the L1 Dermatome?

A

Groin

Y1 - MSK (36 decks)

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