The Impact of Sport on Society (Part 1) Flashcards
Define society
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
How important is success in sport on a global scale and what is often achieved as a result of success at events such as the Olympics?
- Success on a global is often seen as being very important
- National identity/pride is often achieved as a result of national success
Define socialisation
A lifelong process where members of society learn its norms, values, ideals, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society
Define internalisation
The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself
What are the two parts to socialisation
Primary and secondary socialisation
What does primary socialisation refer to?
Early years of childhood which takes place mainly within the immediate family
Who are the agents of primary socialisation?
- Parents
- Siblings
How do these agents influence an individual?
- Absorb and accept shared norms
- Basic values are taught
- Play is a good way to learn
- Physical exercise is used by many families e.g. walking, cycling
When does secondary socialisation usually occur?
During later years e.g. teenager, adult
What are the agents of secondary socialisation?
This is when individuals tend to deviate from norms and values
- Family is less involved
- Other agencies are set up for socialisation e.g. clubs, societies
- Influenced by peer groups, friends and school
- School can teach moral skills e.g. cooperation, teamwork
What is gender socialisation?
- Involves the learning of behaviour and attitudes historically considered appropriate for a given sex
- Boys learn to be boys
- Girls learn to be girls
What is the definition of social processes?
Forms of social interaction between individuals and groups which occur again and again
Define social control
A concept that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems
Define the term institution
An established organisation founded for a religious, educational, professional, or social purpose
Describe what happens during social processes?
- How groups interact
- How groups adjust and readjust
- Establish relationships and patterns of behaviour
- Examples of social processes include interaction, cooperation and conflict
Social processes act as constraints and can limit opportunities to become involved in sport.
Give examples of what these constraints may be
- Main dominated society with restrictions placed on women engaging in sport
- Mild disapproval from husband/male partner
- Limit choice of activities that look ‘more feminine’
- Rules of certain sports e.g. rugby, boxing
- Social pressure on women and made to feel guilty about leaving young baby
- Lack of free time for women when compared to men
- Lack of disposable income for women compared to men
Define social change
An alteration in he social order of society i.e. significant changes in social behaviours and/or cultural values over time leading to long term affects
Sport England data on sport participation confirms that inequalities exist when comparing men to women
Changes can only be brought about by the strong influence of decision-making groups:
- Local councils - leisure facilities offering more creche facilities
NGBs - raise awareness and targeting minority groups through inactivities e.g. this girl can, kick it out, cricket for change
How can campaigns re-educate individuals in society about appropriate behaviour?
- Use positive role models/high profile sports performers to re-educate
Define social issues
Problems/conflicts which influence/affect a considerable number of people in society e.g. gender, disability, discrimination, drug abuse, low activity
What is the definition of inequality?
The unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within a society
What are the causes to inequality?
- Lack of money
- Cost of participating
- Lack of confidence/self-esteem
- Lack of role models
- Myths/stereotypes in some sections of society
What are the consequences of inequality?
- Gender based prejudice
- Role divisions
- Fewer positions of power for women, disability groups, ethnic minority groups
- Wage differences
- Decrease in participation rates
Define social stratification
A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of social characteristic, such as wealth, social status or derived power
Describe the social action theory and its influence on physical activity and sport
- Social action theory accepts that sport is produced and developed at a particular time through the relationships and social networks of people who share similar views
- E.g. we have similar ideas to our parents. If we come from a working class background it is likely we will have the same ideals
- Sports involvement and progression are therefore determined by the relationships between people based on the different amounts of power they have in society
- E.g. people with more wealth may have opportunity to
Describe the interactionist aapproach and its influence on physical activity and sport
- The ineractionist approach is the study of how individuals behave within a society
- Within a society we have a role to play in shaping society. We are not passive
Sports people and sport can therefore have an impact on society: - Highlighting inequalities between social class groups
- Impacting our beliefs concerning masculinity and femininity
- Impacting our beliefs about ability and disability
- Contributing to our sense of national pride
- Targeting social problems e.g. unemployment/crime
Sport can help increase understanding of cultural differences and prejudices, limiting social exclusion felt by minority groups in society
