The Development of Football Flashcards
How did urbanisation impacted the development of football in the second half of the 19th century?
- Large numbers of people living in one place gave a large captive audience for football
- The lack of space in urban areas let to purpose-built, specialist facilities for playing football, with terraces to house the high spectator demand
How did the changes in working conditions (increased leisure time) impact the development of football in the second half of the 19th century?
- Factory acts were passed which meant that workers spent less time in the factories; more time was therefore available to them to watch and play football
- Saturday afternoon at 3pm became the traditional time for football matches, particularly after the formation of the Football League in 1888
- Factory owners provided facilities/set up works teams to play football
How did more disposable income impact the development of football in the second half of the 19th century?
- Improved standards of living via higher wages gave the working class enough money to pay entrance/gate money and pay for transport to matches, as national fixtures began and spread football nationwide
How did increased professionalism impact the development of football in the second half of the 19th century?
- The opportunities to play football professionally as a job gradually increased e.g. via broken time payments which enabled workers to get time off work to play football but still be paid their wage
- Professional football, first recognised by the FA in 1985, was looked upon as a ‘good job’ as it was a chance for some to escape the factory system of work and urban deprivation that accompanied it
How did improved transport impact the development of football in the second half of the 19th century?
- The development of steam trains enabled players/teams to travel further/faster
- Fans could travel to away fixtures
- Improved communications via the printed press enabled the working class to read about football e.g. fixtures, results, role models emerged
How did social class links impact the development of football in the second half of the 19th century?
- Middle-class influence and approval gave football more ‘respectability’, with its emphasis on high morality and sporting etiquette. This was challenged relatively quickly by the working class who made it ‘ the people’s game’ with larger numbers both playing and watching football, as the Football League commenced from 1888 onwards
- The middle class had a significant impact on the development of football via their role as factory owners, philanthropists, parish priests and in forming the FA as the NGB for football
How did increased organisation/NGB/FA impact the development of football in the second half of the 19th century?
- Football quickly became highly structured and standardised when in 1863 ex-public schoolboys set up the FA. National rules and codification meant the game was far more controlled with less violence, which reflected an increasingly civilised society
- Referees controlled the games to further improve the behaviour of the players. Football quickly expanded, with lots of teams being set up via factories and churches
Name the socio-cultural factors that can be identified to have led to an increase in opportunities for women to participate in football through to elite level
- Equal opportunities
- Increased media coverage of women’s football
- More female role models in football
- More provision via school PE programmes
- Increased approval/encouragement resource investment via the FA
- More clubs forming
- Increased participation via more funding into the game
- More free time
What are the barriers facing female officials in football?
- Physical/phychological intimidation e.g. hostile attitudes/swearing
- Lack of adherence to RESPECT protocol
- Personal factors - allegations to sexism etc.
- Lack of support/training within the system for female referees
- A lack of female role models at the elite level of football refereeing
