The Human Organism Flashcards
define anatomy
the scientific study of the structure of the body
what is included in structure when referring to anatomy
- size
- shape
- volume
- materials
- connections
- orientation
list the different levels of learning anatomy
- gross (systemic and regional)
- histology
- cytology
define gross anatomy
- large body structures that can be seen with the naked eye
- can be learnt systemically or regionally
define systemic gross anatomy
learning anatomy through systems of grouped structures (body systems)
how many body systems are there
12
define regional gross anatomy
learning anatomy of all systems existing in a specific region (body cavity)
what appraoch to learning anatomy is traditionally used in med schools
regional
what equipment is needed to study histology
light microscope
define histology
- study of tissues (groups of identical cells)
- identifying tissues by their structure
what is the highest magnification from a light microscope
1000x
what was invented in the 1930s to 1950s that allows researchers to view the internal structure of cells with millions of times of magnification
electron microscope
define cytology
the study of the cell and its intracellular ultrastructure
define physiology
the scientific study of the function of the body
what is included in function when referring to physiology
- how does it work
- how does it do its job
- what are the steps
what is the significance of the name of the course: integrated human anatomy and physiology
- integrated
- anatomy and physiology are related and taught at the same time
- structure matches function, function depends on structure
what are the 6 levels that anatomy and physiology can be studied at
- chemical
- cell
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
what are the main elements that compose the human body
- COHN
- # 1 = oxygen
- # 2 = carbon
- # 3 = hydrogen
- # 4 = nitrogen
what percent of humans are water
67%
what main elements are macromolecules made of
- O
- C
- H
- N
what are some other elements other than COHN that compose the human body
- Ca
- P
- K
- S
- Na
what are the four macromolecules
- nucleic acids
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids
describe a smooth muscle cell
- small
- single nucleus
- spindle shaped
where is smooth muscle tissue found
lining internal organs (ex: urinary bladder)