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BIOL 319 > Lab 4: Myology - Pectoral Area and Superficial & Deep Neck > Flashcards

Lab 4: Myology - Pectoral Area and Superficial & Deep Neck Flashcards

1
Q

define muscle fascicle

A

group of muscle cells/fibers that are grouped together within a connective tissue sheath called the perimysium

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2
Q

describe parallel fascicles

A

fascicles are parallel to the longitudinal axis and terminate in flat tendons

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3
Q

example of parallel fascicle muscle

A

sternohyoid

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4
Q

describe fusiform fascicles

A

fascicles are nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis with a belly that narrows toward the tendons

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5
Q

example of fusiform fascicle muscle

A

biceps brachii

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6
Q

describe circular fascicles

A

fascicles are arranged concentrically

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7
Q

example of circular fascicle muscle

A

orbicularis oculi

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8
Q

describe triangular fascicles

A

fascicles converge from a broad origin to a narrow insertion

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9
Q

example of triangular fascicle muscle

A

trapezius

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10
Q

describe unipennate fascicles

A

fascicles all attach to the same side of a tendon

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11
Q

example of unipennate fascicle muscle

A

extensor digitorum longus

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12
Q

describe bipennate fascicles

A

fascicles attach on both sides of a central tendon

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13
Q

example of bipennate fascicle muscle

A

rectus femoris

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14
Q

describe multipennate fascicles

A

fascicles attach obliquely to tendons in various direction

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15
Q

example of multipennate fascicle muscle

A

deltoid

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16
Q

define tendons

A

connect muscle to bone

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17
Q

define ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

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18
Q

what happens when one bone moves

A

another bone remains fixed

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19
Q

define origin of muscle

A
  • where a muscle attaches
  • the less moveable attachment
  • proximal end
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20
Q

define insertion of muscle

A
  • where a muscle attaches
  • the more moveable attachment
  • distal end
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21
Q

define sarcomere

A
  • functional/atomic unit of striated muscle that contracts
  • composed of protein filaments (myofilaments)
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22
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: abdominal wall

A
  • obliques (external and internal)
  • transverse abdominis
  • rectus abdominis
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23
Q

AOI of obliques (external and internal)

A
  • action: compression of abdomen; flexion and rotation of trunk
  • origin: ribs (external); iliac crest (internal)
  • insertion: iliac crest (external); ribs (internal)
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24
Q

describe the difference between the origin and insertion of external and internal obliques

A
  • external obliques: origin is ribs, insertion is iliac crest
  • internal obliques: origin is iliac crest, insertion is ribs
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25
Q

human OR human and cat: obliques (external and internal)

A

both

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26
Q

AOI of transverse abdominis

A
  • action: compression of abdomen
  • origin: ribs and iliac crest
  • insertion: linea alba
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27
Q

human OR human and cat: transverse abdominis

A

human

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28
Q

AOI of rectus abdominis

A
  • action: flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal wall
  • origin: pubic crest
  • insertion: xiphoid process and ribs (5-7)
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29
Q

human OR human and cat: rectus abdominis

A

both

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30
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: breathing muscles

A
  • intercostals (external and internal)
  • diaphragm
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31
Q

AOI of intercostals (external and internal)

A
  • action: elevation and depression of ribs
  • origin: superior border of ribs (external); inferior border of ribs (internal)
  • insertion: inferior border of ribs (external); superior border of ribs (internal)
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32
Q

describe the difference between the origin and insertion of external and internal intercostals

A
  • external: origin is superior border or ribs, insertion is inferior border of ribs
  • internal: origin is inferior border of ribs, insertion is superior border of ribs
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33
Q

human OR human and cat: intercostals (external and internal)

A

both

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34
Q

AOI of diaphragm

A
  • action: opens thoracic cavity for lungs during inspiration
  • origin: ribs (5-10) and lumbar vertebrae
  • insertion: central tendon
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35
Q

human OR human and cat: diaphragm

A

human

36
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: muscles of the scalp

A
  • frontalis
  • occipitalis
37
Q

AOI of frontalis

A
  • action: raises eyebrows
  • origin: epicranial aponeurosis
  • insertion: skin of eyebrows and root of nose
38
Q

human OR human and cat: frontalis

A

human

39
Q

AOI of occipitalis

A
  • action: pulls scalp posteriorly
  • origin: occipital bone
  • insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
40
Q

human OR human and cat: occipitalis

A

human

41
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: mastication

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
42
Q

AOI of temporalis

A
  • action: closes jaw; retracts mandible
  • origin: temporal fossa
  • insertion: coronoid process (mandible)
43
Q

human OR human and cat: temporalis

A

human

44
Q

AOI of masseter

A
  • action: closes jaw
  • origin: zygomatic arch
  • insertion: angle and ramus (mandible)
45
Q

human OR human and cat: masseter

A

both

46
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: facial expression

A
  • zygomaticus
  • buccinator
  • platysma
  • orbicularis oculi
  • orbicularis oris
  • levator labii superioris
  • depressor labii superioris
47
Q

AOI of zygomaticus

A
  • action: elevates corners of mouth
  • origin: zygomatic bone
  • insertion: corner of mouth
48
Q

human OR human and cat: zygomaticus

A

human

49
Q

AOI of buccinator

A
  • action: compression of cheek
  • origin: molar region (maxilla and mandible)
  • insertion: orbicularis oris
50
Q

human OR human and cat: buccinator

A

human

51
Q

AOI of platysma

A
  • action: tenses skin of neck; depression of lower lip
  • origin: fascia of chest
  • insertion: mandible and corner of mouth
52
Q

human OR human and cat: platysma

A

human

53
Q

AOI of orbicularis occuli

A
  • action: closes eyes
  • origin: frontal bone and maxilla
  • insertion: eyelids
54
Q

human OR human and cat: orbicularis occuli

A

human

55
Q

AOI of orbicularis oris

A
  • action: closes and protrudes lips
  • origin: maxilla and mandible
  • insertion: angles of mouth
56
Q

human OR human and cat: orbicularis oris

A

human

57
Q

AOI of levator labii superioris

A
  • action: elevation of upper lip
  • origin: zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin (maxilla)
  • insertion: upper lip
58
Q

human OR human and cat: levator labii superioris

A

human

59
Q

AOI of depressor labii superioris

A
  • action: depression of lower lip
  • origin: body of mandible
  • insertion: lower lip
60
Q

human OR human and cat: depressor labii superioris

A

human

61
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: anterolateral neck

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • scalenes
62
Q

AOI of sternocleidomastoid

A
  • action: flexion and rotation of neck
  • origin: manubrium and clavicle
  • insertion: mastoid process (temporal bone)
63
Q

human OR human and cat: sternocleidomastoid

A

both

64
Q

AOI of scalenes

A
  • action: elevation of ribs 1 and 2; rotation of neck
  • origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (C3-C7)
  • insertion: ribs 1 and 2
65
Q

human OR human and cat: scalenes

A

both

66
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: anterior thorax

A
  • serratus anterior
  • rhomboids
67
Q

AOI of serratus anterior

A
  • action: abduction and rotation of scapula
  • origin: true ribs
  • insertion: medial border (scapula)
68
Q

human OR human and cat: serratus anterior

A

both

69
Q

AOI of rhomboids

A
  • action: adduction and elevation of scapula
  • origin: spinous processes of vertebrae (C7-T5)
  • insertion: medial border (scapula)
70
Q

human OR human and cat: rhomboids

A

both

71
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: intrinsic muscles of back

A
  • splenius
72
Q

AOI of splenius

A
  • action: rotation of head; extension of neck
  • origin: spinous processes of vertebrae (C7-T6)
  • insertion: temporal and occipital bone
73
Q

human OR human and cat: splenius

A

both

74
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: anterior neck (suprahyoid)

A
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
75
Q

AOI of digastric

A
  • action: elevation of hyoid; opens mouth
  • origin: lower margin (mandible); mastoid process (temporal bone)
  • insertion: hyoid bone
76
Q

human OR human and cat: digastric

A

both

77
Q

AOI of mylohyoid

A
  • action: elevation of hyoid and floor of mouth
  • origin: medial surface (mandible)
  • insertion: hyoid bone
78
Q

human OR human and cat: mylohyoid

A

both

79
Q

AOI of geniohyoid

A
  • action: elevation and protraction of hyoid bone
  • origin: mental tubercule
  • insertion: hyoid bone
80
Q

human OR human and cat: geniohyoid

A

both

81
Q

what muscles are in this muscle group: anterior neck (infrahyoid)

A
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
82
Q

AOI of sternohyoid

A
  • action: depression of hyoid and larynx
  • origin: manubrium (sternum)
  • insertion: hyoid bone
83
Q

human OR human and cat: sternohyoid

A

both

84
Q

AOI of sternothyroid

A
  • action: depression of hyoid and larynx
  • origin: manubrium (sternum)
  • insertion: thyroid cartilage
85
Q

human OR human and cat: sternothyroid

A

both

86
Q

AOI of thyrohyoid

A
  • action: depression of hyoid; elevation of larynx
  • origin: thyroid cartilage
  • insertion: hyoid bone
87
Q

human OR human and cat: thyrohyoid

A

both

BIOL 319 (15 decks)

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