Lab 4: Myology - Pectoral Area and Superficial & Deep Neck Flashcards
1
Q
define muscle fascicle
A
group of muscle cells/fibers that are grouped together within a connective tissue sheath called the perimysium
2
Q
describe parallel fascicles
A
fascicles are parallel to the longitudinal axis and terminate in flat tendons
3
Q
example of parallel fascicle muscle
A
sternohyoid
4
Q
describe fusiform fascicles
A
fascicles are nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis with a belly that narrows toward the tendons
5
Q
example of fusiform fascicle muscle
A
biceps brachii
6
Q
describe circular fascicles
A
fascicles are arranged concentrically
7
Q
example of circular fascicle muscle
A
orbicularis oculi
8
Q
describe triangular fascicles
A
fascicles converge from a broad origin to a narrow insertion
9
Q
example of triangular fascicle muscle
A
trapezius
10
Q
describe unipennate fascicles
A
fascicles all attach to the same side of a tendon
11
Q
example of unipennate fascicle muscle
A
extensor digitorum longus
12
Q
describe bipennate fascicles
A
fascicles attach on both sides of a central tendon
13
Q
example of bipennate fascicle muscle
A
rectus femoris
14
Q
describe multipennate fascicles
A
fascicles attach obliquely to tendons in various direction
15
Q
example of multipennate fascicle muscle
A
deltoid
16
Q
define tendons
A
connect muscle to bone
17
Q
define ligaments
A
connect bone to bone
18
Q
what happens when one bone moves
A
another bone remains fixed
19
Q
define origin of muscle
A
- where a muscle attaches
- the less moveable attachment
- proximal end
20
Q
define insertion of muscle
A
- where a muscle attaches
- the more moveable attachment
- distal end
21
Q
define sarcomere
A
- functional/atomic unit of striated muscle that contracts
- composed of protein filaments (myofilaments)
22
Q
what muscles are in this muscle group: abdominal wall
A
- obliques (external and internal)
- transverse abdominis
- rectus abdominis
23
Q
AOI of obliques (external and internal)
A
- action: compression of abdomen; flexion and rotation of trunk
- origin: ribs (external); iliac crest (internal)
- insertion: iliac crest (external); ribs (internal)
24
Q
describe the difference between the origin and insertion of external and internal obliques
A
- external obliques: origin is ribs, insertion is iliac crest
- internal obliques: origin is iliac crest, insertion is ribs
25
human OR human and cat: obliques (external and internal)
both
26
AOI of transverse abdominis
- action: compression of abdomen
- origin: ribs and iliac crest
- insertion: linea alba
27
human OR human and cat: transverse abdominis
human
28
AOI of rectus abdominis
- action: flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal wall
- origin: pubic crest
- insertion: xiphoid process and ribs (5-7)
29
human OR human and cat: rectus abdominis
both
30
what muscles are in this muscle group: breathing muscles
- intercostals (external and internal)
- diaphragm
31
AOI of intercostals (external and internal)
- action: elevation and depression of ribs
- origin: superior border of ribs (external); inferior border of ribs (internal)
- insertion: inferior border of ribs (external); superior border of ribs (internal)
32
describe the difference between the origin and insertion of external and internal intercostals
- external: origin is superior border or ribs, insertion is inferior border of ribs
- internal: origin is inferior border of ribs, insertion is superior border of ribs
33
human OR human and cat: intercostals (external and internal)
both
34
AOI of diaphragm
- action: opens thoracic cavity for lungs during inspiration
- origin: ribs (5-10) and lumbar vertebrae
- insertion: central tendon
35
human OR human and cat: diaphragm
human
36
what muscles are in this muscle group: muscles of the scalp
- frontalis
- occipitalis
37
AOI of frontalis
- action: raises eyebrows
- origin: epicranial aponeurosis
- insertion: skin of eyebrows and root of nose
38
human OR human and cat: frontalis
human
39
AOI of occipitalis
- action: pulls scalp posteriorly
- origin: occipital bone
- insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
40
human OR human and cat: occipitalis
human
41
what muscles are in this muscle group: mastication
- temporalis
- masseter
42
AOI of temporalis
- action: closes jaw; retracts mandible
- origin: temporal fossa
- insertion: coronoid process (mandible)
43
human OR human and cat: temporalis
human
44
AOI of masseter
- action: closes jaw
- origin: zygomatic arch
- insertion: angle and ramus (mandible)
45
human OR human and cat: masseter
both
46
what muscles are in this muscle group: facial expression
- zygomaticus
- buccinator
- platysma
- orbicularis oculi
- orbicularis oris
- levator labii superioris
- depressor labii superioris
47
AOI of zygomaticus
- action: elevates corners of mouth
- origin: zygomatic bone
- insertion: corner of mouth
48
human OR human and cat: zygomaticus
human
49
AOI of buccinator
- action: compression of cheek
- origin: molar region (maxilla and mandible)
- insertion: orbicularis oris
50
human OR human and cat: buccinator
human
51
AOI of platysma
- action: tenses skin of neck; depression of lower lip
- origin: fascia of chest
- insertion: mandible and corner of mouth
52
human OR human and cat: platysma
human
53
AOI of orbicularis occuli
- action: closes eyes
- origin: frontal bone and maxilla
- insertion: eyelids
54
human OR human and cat: orbicularis occuli
human
55
AOI of orbicularis oris
- action: closes and protrudes lips
- origin: maxilla and mandible
- insertion: angles of mouth
56
human OR human and cat: orbicularis oris
human
57
AOI of levator labii superioris
- action: elevation of upper lip
- origin: zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin (maxilla)
- insertion: upper lip
58
human OR human and cat: levator labii superioris
human
59
AOI of depressor labii superioris
- action: depression of lower lip
- origin: body of mandible
- insertion: lower lip
60
human OR human and cat: depressor labii superioris
human
61
what muscles are in this muscle group: anterolateral neck
- sternocleidomastoid
- scalenes
62
AOI of sternocleidomastoid
- action: flexion and rotation of neck
- origin: manubrium and clavicle
- insertion: mastoid process (temporal bone)
63
human OR human and cat: sternocleidomastoid
both
64
AOI of scalenes
- action: elevation of ribs 1 and 2; rotation of neck
- origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (C3-C7)
- insertion: ribs 1 and 2
65
human OR human and cat: scalenes
both
66
what muscles are in this muscle group: anterior thorax
- serratus anterior
- rhomboids
67
AOI of serratus anterior
- action: abduction and rotation of scapula
- origin: true ribs
- insertion: medial border (scapula)
68
human OR human and cat: serratus anterior
both
69
AOI of rhomboids
- action: adduction and elevation of scapula
- origin: spinous processes of vertebrae (C7-T5)
- insertion: medial border (scapula)
70
human OR human and cat: rhomboids
both
71
what muscles are in this muscle group: intrinsic muscles of back
- splenius
72
AOI of splenius
- action: rotation of head; extension of neck
- origin: spinous processes of vertebrae (C7-T6)
- insertion: temporal and occipital bone
73
human OR human and cat: splenius
both
74
what muscles are in this muscle group: anterior neck (suprahyoid)
- digastric
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
75
AOI of digastric
- action: elevation of hyoid; opens mouth
- origin: lower margin (mandible); mastoid process (temporal bone)
- insertion: hyoid bone
76
human OR human and cat: digastric
both
77
AOI of mylohyoid
- action: elevation of hyoid and floor of mouth
- origin: medial surface (mandible)
- insertion: hyoid bone
78
human OR human and cat: mylohyoid
both
79
AOI of geniohyoid
- action: elevation and protraction of hyoid bone
- origin: mental tubercule
- insertion: hyoid bone
80
human OR human and cat: geniohyoid
both
81
what muscles are in this muscle group: anterior neck (infrahyoid)
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
82
AOI of sternohyoid
- action: depression of hyoid and larynx
- origin: manubrium (sternum)
- insertion: hyoid bone
83
human OR human and cat: sternohyoid
both
84
AOI of sternothyroid
- action: depression of hyoid and larynx
- origin: manubrium (sternum)
- insertion: thyroid cartilage
85
human OR human and cat: sternothyroid
both
86
AOI of thyrohyoid
- action: depression of hyoid; elevation of larynx
- origin: thyroid cartilage
- insertion: hyoid bone
87
human OR human and cat: thyrohyoid
both
